不同产地（美国、中国、阿根廷、巴西和印度）豆粕其化学组成和氨基酸消化率的差异

IMCTT

　　2017. J. Anim. Sci. 95(4):1626-1636
　　不同产地（美国、中国、阿根廷、巴西和印度）豆粕其化学组成和氨基酸消化率的差异
　　L. V. Lagosa and H. H. Stein

　　本试验的目的就是为了比较产自美国、中国、阿根廷、巴西和印度的豆粕的营养组分以及饲喂给生长猪时其内含的粗蛋白和氨基酸的表观回肠消化率和标准回肠消化率的差异。在中国、阿根廷、巴西和美国分别采集到5个豆粕样品，在印度采集到4个样品，共24个豆粕样品。所有的样品均分析检测能量、干物质、营养成分并且将每个样品都设计进入一个玉米淀粉型基础日粮，在这些日粮中豆粕是作为唯一的氨基酸原料。同时也设计一个无氮日粮。25只阉公猪（初始重为30.53±1.73 kg）的回肠末端装分别安一个T型瘘管，然后按照25×8尤登方设计分为25种日粮和8个时期。试验结果表明来自巴西（49.3%）和印度（49.5%）的豆粕中粗蛋白的含量比来自中国（45.1%）、阿根廷（46.7%）和美国（47.3%）的要高（P < 0.05）。除了美国豆粕与中国和阿根廷豆粕相比含有更多的必需氨基酸（P < 0.05）之外，绝大多数必需氨基酸也像粗蛋白一样遵循的相似的规律。然而，来自印度的豆粕与其它国家的相比含有更多的胰蛋白酶抑制剂（P < 0.05）。来自美国的豆粕与来自巴西、阿根廷和印度的豆粕相比其粗蛋白和大多数氨基酸的表观回肠消化率和标准回肠消化率都更高一些（P < 0.05），但与来自中国的豆粕相比并无差别。然而由于来自中国的豆粕氨基酸含量低，其内含的回肠标准可消化的氨基酸含量会低于来自美国的豆粕（P < 0.05）。来自美国和巴西的豆粕的标准回肠消化率与来自阿根廷、中国和印度的豆粕相比更加的稳定。总的来说，豆粕中粗蛋白和氨基酸的标准回肠消化率随产地的不同有所不同，当制作猪料配方时要考虑到不同国家豆粕的差异和变异度。

　　Chemical composition and amino acid digestibility of soybean meal produced in the United States, China, Argentina, Brazil, or India

　　L. V. Lagosa and H. H. Stein

　　An experiment was conducted to compare nutritional composition of soybean meal (SBM) produced in China, Argentina, Brazil, the U.S., or India and the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA in these SBM when fed to growing pigs. Five sources of SBM from China, Argentina, Brazil, and the U.S., and 4 sources from India were collected for a total of 24 sources of SBM. All samples were analyzed for energy, DM, and nutrients, and each source was included in a corn starch based diet in which SBM was the only AA contributing ingredient. An N-free diet was also formulated. Twenty-five barrows (initial BW: 30.53 ± 1.73 kg) were equipped with a T-cannula in the distal ileum and randomly allotted to a 25 × 8 Youden square design with 25 diets and 8 periods. Results indicate that the concentration of CP was greater (P < 0.05) in SBM from Brazil and India (49.3 and 49.5%, respectively) than in SBM from China, Argentina, or the U.S. (45.1, 46.7, and 47.3%, respectively, as-fed basis). The concentration of most indispensable AA followed the same pattern as CP with the exception that SBM from the U.S. contained more (P < 0.05) indispensable AA than SBM from China or Argentina. However, SBM from India contained more (P< 0.05) trypsin inhibitors than SBM from the other countries. A greater (P< 0.05) AID and SID of CP and most AA was observed in SBM from the U.S. compared with SBM from Brazil, Argentina, and India, but there were no differences between SBM from the U.S. and SBM from China. However, because of the lower concentration of AA in SBM from China, the concentration of standardized ileal digestible AA in SBM from China was less (P < 0.05) than in SBM from the U.S. Soybean meal from the U.S. or Brazil had less (P <0.05) variability in SID values than SBM from Argentina, China, or India. In conclusion, the SID of CP and AA is dependent on the country where the SBM is produced. This difference and the variability within each country should be evaluated when formulating diets for pigs.

　　来源：翻译：李光燃 猪营养国际论坛CSIS