生长猪体内肠细胞分化的调节有赖于日粮中纤维的来源

畜牧编辑

　　2017. J. Anim. Sci. 95(3): 1179-1190

　　生长猪体内肠细胞分化的调节有赖于日粮中纤维的来源
　　M. Saqui-Salces , Z. Huang, M. FerrandisVila, J. Li, J. A. Mielke, P. E. Urriola and G. C. Shurson

　　饲喂高纤维日粮降低了成本，但也会通过改变肠道形态和功能进而降低热量和营养效率。本试验中我们分析了在不同来源纤维的诱导下肠细胞组成、营养转运载体、受体和细胞分化的变化。将46头肥猪（初始重84±7kg）分别饲喂以下四种日粮中的一种：玉米-豆粕（对照组；n = 12）、23%麦秆（WS；n = 11）、55%带可溶物的玉米干酒糟（DDGS；n = 11）和30%豆粕（SBH；n = 12）。试验猪置于代谢笼中饲养14天，每天饲喂两次，日饲喂量相当于初始重的2.5%。猪安乐死后将其回肠收集起来进行组织学和基因表达分析。数据分析采用Kruskal–Wallis检验，然后进行邓肯多重比较，


　　当P值小于0.05时认为是差异显著。通过饲喂SBH日粮肠上皮细胞标记物相较对照组和WS组有所增加（P < 0.03）。饲喂WS和DDGS的育肥猪相较对照组其杯状细胞更多（P < 0.01），且WS组与SBH组相比猪体内的杯状细胞也较多（P = 0.02）。DDGS和SBH组猪体内Mucin 2 基因的表达量相较对照组更高（P < 0.05）。对于内分泌细胞和旁氏细胞标记物、绒毛高度和隐窝深度或增值指数并没有观测到变化。与对照组相比，通过饲喂WS和DDGS日粮，猪体内针对寡肽、钙、葡萄糖和果糖的受体、游离脂肪酸受体1、G蛋白偶联受体119与84的基因表达量都有所提高（P < 0.05）。相较WS和DDGS组，饲喂SBH日粮抑制了鲜味受体的表达（P < 0.005），而与对照组相比，饲喂DDGS也抑制了鲜味受体的表达（P = 0.02）。饲喂DDGS引起猪体内脂肪酸受体2表达量的降低（P < 0.001），而与WS和DDGS组相比，饲喂SBH日粮的猪表现出脂肪酸转位酶表达量的增加（P < 0.05）。饲喂WS和DDGS日粮诱导了干细胞标记物r-脊椎蛋白受体（LGR5）的表达（P < 0.01），而与对照组相比饲喂DDGS使得嗅介蛋白 4的表达量有所降低（P< 0.02）。与对照组相比δ状缺口配体4的表达受到所有来源纤维的诱导（P < 0.05）。与对照组相比，饲喂WS和DDGS会导致转录因子无调性因素1和Wnt家族3A的表达受到抑制（P< 0.001）。

　　总的来说，饲喂含WS和DDGS的日粮会通过促进杯状细胞的增生和改变营养受体与转运载体的表达来调控生长猪体内肠细胞的分化，而饲喂含SBH日粮几乎无影响。

　　Modulation of intestinal celldifferentiation in growing pigs is dependent on the fiber source in the diet

　　M. Saqui-Salces , Z. Huang, M. FerrandisVila, J. Li, J. A. Mielke, P. E. Urriola and G. C. Shurson

　　Feeding high-fiber diets decreases cost,but also caloric and nutritional efficiency by modifying intestinal morphologyand function. We analyzed the changes in intestinal cell composition, nutrienttransporters and receptors, and cell differentiation induced by fibers fromdifferent sources. Forty-six finishing pigs (BW 84 ± 7 kg) were fed 1 of 4diets: corn-soybean (Control; n = 12), 23% wheat straw (WS; n = 11), 55% corndistillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS; n = 11), and 30% soybean hulls(SBH; n = 12). Pigs were fed 2 meals daily to an amount equivalent to 2.5% ofinitial BW for 14 d in metabolism cages. Ilea were collected for histologicaland gene expression analysis after euthanasia. Data were analyzed using theKruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons and differencesconsidered significant when P < 0.05. The enterocyte marker was increased (P< 0.03) by feeding SBH compared with Control and WS diets. Goblet cellspresence was greater (P < 0.01) in pigs fed WS and DDGS compared withControl, and in pigs fed WS compared with SBH (P = 0.02). Mucin 2 expressionwas greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed DDGS and SBH compared with Control diet.No changes were observed for endocrine and Paneth cells markers, villus andcrypt length, or proliferation index. Compared with the Control, geneexpression of receptors for oligopeptides, calcium, glucose, fructose, freefatty acid receptor 1, and G protein-coupled receptors 119 and 84 was increased(P < 0.05) by feeding WS and DDGS diets. Feeding SBH diet repressed (P <0.005) the umami receptor compared with WS and DDGS diets, while DDGS repressed(P = 0.02) its expression compared with Control. Pigs fed DDGS had reduced (P< 0.001) fatty acid receptor 2, and those fed SBH showed increased (P <0.05) fatty acid translocase expression compared with WS and DDGS pigs. FeedingWS and DDGS diets induced (P < 0.01) the expression of stem cell markerr-spondin receptor (LGR5), while olfactomedin 4 was reduced (P < 0.02) byfeeding DDGS compared with Control. The expression of delta-like Notch ligand 4was induced (P < 0.05) by all fibers compared with Control. Transcriptionfactors atonal factor 1 and Wnt family 3A were suppressed (P < 0.001) by WSand DDGS compared with Control. In conclusion, feeding diets containing WS andDDGS modulated intestinal differentiation by promoting goblet cells and alteredexpression of nutrient receptors and transporters in growing pigs, whilefeeding SBH had less effect。
      翻译： 李光燃   来源：猪营养国际论坛CSIS