亚麻籽粕的生长猪能值和氨基酸消化率

29625248

2016. J. Anim. Sci. 94(12): 5295-5307

亚麻籽粕的生长猪能值和氨基酸消化率

Y. F. Chen, F. Wu, P. L. Li, Z. Q. Lyu, L.Liu, M. B. Lyu, F. L. Wang and C. H. Lai

　　本试验旨在测定亚麻籽粕的消化能和代谢能以及粗蛋白和氨基酸的表观回肠消化率（AID）和标准回肠消化率（SID）。试验一中选取66头杂交猪（杜×长×大；体重为54.2 ± 2.3 kg）完全随机分组并饲喂11种日粮中的任意一种以测定代谢能和消化能，11种日粮中有一种为玉米-豆粕基础日粮，另外10种是以29.16%亚麻籽粕替代玉米和豆粕的试验日粮。试验二中选用11头回肠末端装有T型瘘管的生长猪（35.5 ± 3.4 kg），按 6 × 11尧敦方设计分为6个阶段和11种日粮。其中有一种是以玉米淀粉和蔗糖为基础的无氮日粮，另外10种是以40%亚麻籽粕为唯一氨基酸来源的日粮。试验采用三氧化二铬（0.3%）作为指示剂。这10种亚麻籽粕日粮的化学组份各不相同。粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、粗纤维和钙含量的变异系数均超过10%，且氨基酸含量的浮动范围为7-12%。以干物质计，消化能和代谢能的浮动范围分别为2786-3730 kcal/kg和2588-3530 kcal/kg。总能的全肠道表观消化率从59.91%至75.83%不等（均值为70.92%）。粗脂肪、总能和中性洗涤纤维是决定消化能和代谢能最好的参数。最佳预测方程为：消化能 = ?3231 +（1.58 × 总能）?（25.79×中性洗涤纤维百分比）（R2= 0.90）或消化能 = 4189 +（56.78×醚提取物百分比）?（30.59×中性洗涤纤维百分比）（R2 = 0.85）；代谢能= ?2968 +（1.47×总能）?（24.82×中性洗涤纤维百分比）（R2= 0.85）或代谢能= 3931 +（53.77×醚提取物百分比）?（29.31×中性洗涤纤维百分比）（R2 = 0.82）试验二中，粗蛋白和苯丙氨酸除外的所有氨基酸的表观和标准回肠消化率均有显著差异（P < 0.05）。粗蛋白的表观和标准回肠消化率的平均值分别为70.16%和78.04%。对于必需氨基酸，Thr的表观和标准回肠消化率是最低的，平均值分别为70.70%和76.68%。Arg和Met的消化率最高，其表观和标准回肠消化率的平均值分别都在88%和91%以上。Lys的表观和标准回肠消化率的浮动范围分别为66.10-81.82%（均值为74.14%）和 70.90-85.41%（均值为78.13%）。这些结果表明试验中选用的亚麻籽粕的化学组成、能值以及粗蛋白和氨基酸的表观和标准回肠消化率都有极大的不确定性。亚麻籽粕的消化能和代谢能主要与其粗脂肪和中性洗涤纤维的含量有关。

Energy content and amino acid digestibility of flaxseed expellers fed to growing pigs

Y. F. Chen, F. Wu, P. L. Li, Z. Q. Lyu,L. Liu, M. B. Lyu, F. L. Wang and C. H. Lai

This study was conducted to determine the DE and ME as well as the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA in flaxseed expellers fed to growing pigs. In Exp. 1, the DE and ME were determined using 66 crossbred growing pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire; 54.2 ± 2.3 kg BW) fed 1 of 11 diets in acompletely randomized design. The diets included a corn–soybean meal basal diet and 10 experimental diets containing 29.16% flaxseed expellers supplemented at the expense of corn and soybean meal. In Exp. 2, 11 growing pigs (35.5 ± 3.4kg), fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum, were assigned to 6 × 11 Youden square design with 6 periods and 11 diets. The diets included a N-free diet based on corn starch and sucrose and 10 test diets containing 40% flaxseed expellers as the sole source of AA. Chromic oxide (0.3%) was used as an indigestible marker. There was considerable variation in the chemical composition among the 10 flaxseed expellers. The CV were greater than 10% forether extract (EE), NDF, ADF, crude fiber, and Ca and ranged from 7 to 12% for the AA. On a DM basis, the DE and ME ranged from 2,786 to 3,730 and from 2,588 to 3,530 kcal/kg, respectively. The apparent total tract digestibility of GE ranged from 59.91 to 75.83% (mean = 70.92%). Ether extract, GE, and NDF were the best predictors to determine DE and ME. The best prediction equations were DE = ?3,231 + (1.58 × GE) ? (25.79 × % NDF) (R2 = 0.90) or DE = 4,189 + (56.78× % EE) ? (30.59 × % NDF) (R2 = 0.85) and ME = ?2,968 + (1.47 × GE) ? (24.82 ×% NDF) (R2 = 0.85) or ME = 3,931 + (53.77 × % EE) ? (29.31 × % NDF) (R2 =0.82), respectively. In Exp. 2, there were significant differences in the AID and SID of CP and all AA with the exception of Phe （P < 0.05）. The AID and SID of CP averaged 70.16 and 78.04%, respectively. For the indispensable AA, the AID and SID of Thr were the least, with average values of 70.70 and 76.68%, respectively. The digestibility of Arg and Met were the greatest, averaging over 88 and 91% for AID and SID, respectively. The AID and SID of Lys ranged from 66.10 to 81.82% (mean = 74.14%) and from 70.90 to 85.41% (mean = 78.13%), respectively. These results indicate that there is significant variability inchemical composition, energy content, and the SID and AID of CP and AA among the selected flaxseed expellers. The DE and ME of flaxseed expellers are primarily related to their EE and NDF concentrations.

来源：猪营养国际论坛CSIS    翻译：李光燃