全脂米糠和脱脂米糠对断奶仔猪生长性能和血液指标的影响

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2016. J. Anim.Sci.94(10):4179-4187

全脂米糠和脱脂米糠对断奶仔猪生长性能和血液指标的影响

G. A. Casas and H. H. Stein

　　本试验旨在探明日粮中全脂米糠（FFRB）或脱脂米糠（DFRB）添加量的增加在添加或不添加外源性木聚糖酶的情况下对断奶仔猪的生长性能和血液指标的影响。本试验采用随机完全区组设计将532头仔猪分配到4个单元，试验共14种日粮，每种日粮中有8个圈舍作为重复。每个圈舍有4到5头猪。基础日粮含玉米、豆粕和乳清粉，另有6种日粮在玉米、豆粕、乳清粉的基础上分别加入了10%、20%、30%的全脂米糠和10%、20%、30%的脱脂米糠。另外的7组日粮与前7种日粮基本相同，除此之外每组日粮又额外加入了16000单位/公斤的微生物源木聚糖酶。试验周期为23天，最后一天在每圈内选取一头猪采集两份血样。血浆样品检测肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、免疫球蛋白A（IgA）和多肽YY激素（PYY），血清样品检测血液尿素氮（BUN）、总蛋白和白蛋白。初重和末重并不受全脂米糠和脱脂米糠添加量和木聚糖酶的影响。随着全脂米糠添加量的增加仔猪的日均采食量线性降低（P < 0.05）且随着脱脂米糠含量的增加仔猪日均采食量也有下降的趋势（P = 0.08）。仔猪饲喂含脱脂米糠日粮的日均采食量相较饲喂含全脂米糠日粮的仔猪更高。随着全脂米糠和脱脂米糠添加水平的增加仔猪平均日增重先增加后降低（二次，P < 0.05）。随着日粮中全脂米糠添加量的提高仔猪肉料比以线性和二次方的形式增加（P < 0.05）。饲喂含全脂米糠日粮仔猪的肉料比显著高于饲喂含脱脂米糠日粮的仔猪。随着仔猪日粮中全脂米糠和脱脂米糠的添加水平越来越高BUN的浓度线性降低（P < 0.05）。随着日粮中全脂米糠水平的提高，仔猪血浆中TNF-α和PYY的浓度有线性下降的趋势（显著性分别为P = 0.09和P = 0.075）。总之，全脂米糠和脱脂米糠的添加量至少达到20%并不影响断奶仔猪的平均日增重。断奶仔猪日粮中添加30%的脱脂米糠对肉料比不产生影响而且添加30%的全脂米糠会增加肉料比。然而，此次试验中微生物源木聚糖酶并没有影响生长性能，倒是这些水稻副产物和木聚糖酶对血液指标有微弱的影响。

Effects of full fat or defatted rice bran on growth performance and blood characteristics of weanling pigs

G. A. Casas and H. H. Stein

The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of increased concentrations of full fat rice bran (FFRB) or defatted rice bran (DFRB) in diets without or with supplementation of anexogenous xylanase on growth performance and blood characteristics in weanling pigs. A total of 532 pigs (9.3 ± 0.5 kg initial BW) were allotted to 14 diets in 4 blocks and 8 replicate pens per diet in a randomized complete block design. There were 4 or 5 pigs per pen. A basal diet containing corn, soybean meal, and whey powder and 6 diets containing corn, soybean meal, whey powder,and 10, 20, or 30% FFRB or 10, 20, or 30% DFRB were used. Seven additional diets that were similar to the initial 7 diets with the exception that they also contained 16,000 units/kg of microbial xylanase were also formulated. On the last day of the 23-d experiment, 2 blood samples were collected from 1 pig in each pen. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IgA, and peptide YY (PYY) were measured in plasma samples and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total protein, and albumin were measured in serum samples. Initial and final BW were not affected by the inclusion level of FFRB or DFRB or by the addition of xylanase. The ADFI linearly decreased (P < 0.05) as inclusion of FFRB increased in diets and there was a tendency (P = 0.08) for reduced ADFI as DFRB was increased in the diets. Pigs fed diets containing DFRB had greater ADFI (P < 0.05) than pigsfed diets containing FFRB. The ADG increased and then decreased (quadratic, P< 0.05) with increasing level of FFRB or DFRB in the diets. The G:F linearly and quadratically increased (P < 0.05) as the inclusion of FFRB increased, and the G:F was greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed diets containing FFRB than inpigs fed diets containing DFRB. The concentration of BUN linearly decreased (P< 0.05) when pigs were fed diets containing increasing levels of FFRB or DFRB. There was a tendency for the concentrations of TNF-α and PYY to linearly decrease (P = 0.09 and P = 0.075, respectively) as the inclusion of FFRB increased in the diet. In conclusion, ADG of weanling pigs was not affected by at least20% FFRB or DFRB and inclusion of 30% DFRB had no effect on the G:F whereas 30% FFRB increased the G:F. However, microbial xylanase did not influence growth performance under the conditions of this experiment and there was minimal influence of rice coproducts or xylanase on blood characteristics.

翻译：李光燃  来源：猪营养国际论坛CSIS

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