【原创】不同类型玉米和屠宰前禁食时间对断奶仔猪生长速度和血液指标的影响

畜牧编辑

　　

　　一个2×2双因子试验用于评估日粮玉米类型（糯玉米、普通玉米）和屠宰前禁食时间（2小时、12-16小时）对断奶仔猪生长速度和血液指标的影响。24头杂交断奶公猪（平均体重为8.26 ± 0.47 kg）随机分成4组，每组6个重复，每个重复1头猪。与普通玉米相比，糯玉米中脂肪含量下降，直链淀粉：支链淀粉比值下降，蛋白质、淀粉含量提高。

　　结果表明：饲喂糯玉米显著降低了仔猪空肠消化糜的pH、显著提高了空肠和回肠粘膜中麦芽糖酶活性、显著提高了回肠粘膜中蔗糖酶活力、显著提高了胰腺和空肠消化糜中淀粉酶活性，但却显著降低了仔猪日粮淀粉、蛋白质的总表观消化率。饲喂普通玉米显著提高了仔猪断奶后第二周的平均日增重和平均日采食量，但对整个试验期内的平均日增重、饲料转化率无显著影响。

　　饲喂糯玉米显著提高了仔猪肝门静脉血液中葡萄糖水平，显著降低了肝门静脉血液中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平。与屠宰前禁食12小时相比，屠宰前禁食2小时显著降低了仔猪空肠、回肠消化糜pH，显著提高了十二指肠、空肠绒毛高度，显著提高了十二指肠绒毛高度：隐窝深度比。屠宰前更短的禁食时间还显著提高了仔猪肝门静脉血液中葡萄糖、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比率，但显著降低了肝门静脉血液中低密度脂蛋白胆固醇比率。

　　这个试验的结果表明虽然断奶仔猪饲喂糯玉米、普通玉米的生长性能相同，但糯玉米提高了肝静脉血液中葡萄糖水平及降低了高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比率，且屠宰前的禁食时间对断奶仔猪血液指标和肠道形态均有影响。

　　Effects of corn type and fasting time before slaughter on growth and plasma index in weaning pigs1

　　A 2 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary corn type (waxy corn [WC] vs. nonwaxy corn [NC]) and fasting period (2 h vs. 12–16 h) before slaughter on growth and plasma index in weaning pigs. Twenty-four crossbred barrows (8.26 ± 0.47 kg) were allotted to 4 treatments with 6 replications of 1 pig per replicate metabolism cage. Waxy corn contained less fat, a lower amylase:amylopectin ratio, more CP, and more starch than NC. Pigs fed the WC diet had lower jejunum digesta pH compared with those fed the NC diet (P < 0.05). Maltase activity in the jejunum and ileum mucosa (P < 0.01), sucrose activity in the ileum mucosa (P < 0.01), and amylase activity in the pancreas and jejunum digesta (P < 0.05) were increased in pigs fed the WC diet relative to those fed the NC diet. But the total tract apparent digestibility (TTAD) of starch and CP was lower for the WC group (P < 0.05).Ingestion of the NC diet resulted in higher (P < 0.05) ADG and ADFI in the second week but did not affect ADG (P = 0.091) and the feed:gain ratio (F:G; P = 0.077) during the whole experiment period. The plasma glucose (P < 0.01) concentration was higher and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; P < 0.01) concentrations was lower in the hepatic portal vein in pigs fed the WC diet relative to those fed the NC diet. Fasting 2 h before slaughter decreased the jejunum and ileum digesta pH compared with the 12-h fasting group (P < 0.01). Villus height increased in the duodenum (P < 0.01) and jejunum (P< 0.05) and the villus height:crypt depth ratio increased in the duodenum (P < 0.05) of pigs after shortening the fasting period before slaughter. Shortening the fasting time before slaughter resulted in higher plasma glucose (P < 0.05) concentrations and a higher HDL-C:low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ratio (P < 0.05) whereas the LDL-C (P < 0.05) concentrations were reduced in the hepatic portal vein. The results of this experiment indicate that although the production performance of both WC and NC diets is equal, the glucose concentration is higher and HDL-C is lower in the portal vein for the WC diet, and fasting time before slaughter has an influence on the plasma index and intestinal morphology in weaning pigs。

作者：户启蔚翻译
畜牧人网站原创文章，转载请注明作者和出处！