母猪初乳中免疫球蛋白IgG与仔猪血浆中IgG含量的相关关系

畜牧编辑

　　2015. J. Anim. Sci. 93(9): 4453-4462

　　母猪初乳中免疫球蛋白IgG与仔猪血浆中IgG含量的相关关系

　　初乳给新生仔猪提供能量和被动免疫，这对于仔猪的存活来说是非常关键的。仔猪血浆中IgG含量受多种因素影响，其中最重要的是母猪初乳中IgG含量。本试验的主要研究不同母猪群和母猪个体之间初乳IgG含量的变异，以及影响仔猪血浆IgG含量的因素。本试验包括4个母猪群（A-D），共62头母猪和876头仔猪。初乳取样有三个时间点：在第一头仔猪出生后和第一头仔猪哺乳前（T1）、分娩中（第六头仔猪出生后，T2）、最后一头仔猪出生后（T3）。仔猪出生后第一天，收集仔猪血样，并分析其中IgG的含量。母猪初乳中IgG平均含量为53.9g/L。A母猪群初乳IgG平均含量38.3g/L，B、C、D母猪群分别为47.4、60.4、67.8 g/L。T1、T2、T3时间点母猪的初乳含量分别为56.2、53.7、42.5 g/L。仔猪血浆IgG平均含量为21.7 g/L。以仔猪IgG含量为因变量进行多元线性回归分析。在此模型中，母猪群的影响占总方差的9%，母猪层面的影响占总方差的34%。仔猪IgG含量与以下因素显著相关：母猪群、出生顺序（n）、体重指数（BMI＞17kg/m2）、T1初乳IgG含量（P＜0.01）。D母猪群仔猪IgG含量平均预测值最高。模型预测显示，每晚出生一头，仔猪血浆IgG含量降低0.4g/L（P＜0.01）。并且初乳IgG含量每提高1 g/L，仔猪血浆IgG含量可提高0.1 g/L（P=0.03）。体重指数大于17 kg/m2的仔猪与其他仔猪相比血浆IgG含量可提高4.5 g/L（P＜0.01）。初乳中IgG含量在不同猪群和个体之间变异非常大。仔猪血浆IgG含量的变异大部分还是由仔猪个体差异造成的，说明IgG自然生产和吸收的复杂性。但是，初乳和仔猪血浆中IgG含量的强相关关系表明提高初乳中IgG含量可以改善仔猪IgG水平，从而可能改善仔猪的存活率。

　　译者注：体重指数是用体重公斤数除以身高米数平方得出的数字，是目前国际上常用的衡量人体胖瘦程度以及是否健康的一个标准。

　　The association between immunoglobulin G in sow colostrum and piglet plasma

　　C. Kielland, V. Rootwelt, O. Reksen and T. Framstad

　　Colostrum provides newborn piglets with energy and passive immunity and is essential for survival of the piglets. The plasma concentration of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in piglets is dependent on several factors, most importantly the concentration of IgG in sow colostrum (colostrum IgG). The main aims of this study were to investigate the variation in concentration of colostrum IgG between herds and the individual sows within herd and to investigate factors associated with plasma IgG concentrations in piglets (piglet IgG). From 4 herds (A to D), 876 piglets from 62 sows were included in the study. Colostrum was sampled from sows immediately after expulsion of the first piglet and before the first suckling (t1), midway through farrowing (just after the sixth piglet was born; t2), and after the last piglet was born (t3). At d 1, 0.5 mL blood from piglets was collected in tubes containing EDTA, and IgG concentrations were analyzed. Mean colostrum IgG concentration across all herds was 53.9 g/L. Herd A had mean colostrum IgG of 38.3 g/L, whereas the other 3 herds (B,C, and D) had mean colostrum IgG of 47.4, 60.4, and 67.8 g/L, respectively. Colostrum IgG at t1, t2, and t3 across all herds was 56.2, 53.7, and 42.5 g/L, respectively. Mean concentration of piglet IgG across all samplings was 21.7 g/L. Multilevel linear regression analysis was performed with piglet IgG (g/L) as outcome. In this model, the herd effect accounted for 9% of the total variance and 34% of the variance resided at sow level. Piglet IgG was associated with herd, birth order (n), body mass index (BMI) > 17 (kg/m2), and colostrum IgG at t1 (g/L) with an overall P-value < 0.01. Herd D had the highest predicted mean level of piglet IgG. The main model predicted that piglet IgG decreased linearly by 0.4 g/L with each piglet born (P < 0.01). The model also predicted an increase by 0.1 g/L for each gram per liter extra colostrum IgG in colostrum (P = 0.03). Piglets with a BMI above 17 kg/m2 had a greater piglet IgG (+4.5 g/L) than those with a BMI at 17 kg/m2 or below (P < 0.01). Concentrations of colostrum IgG varied largely between herds and between sows. The largest variation of piglet IgG was mainly on the piglet level, supporting the complex nature of IgG production and uptake. However, the strong association between colostrum IgG and piglet IgG shows that increased IgG level in colostrum will improve the levels of IgG in piglets and potentially increase survival of the piglets。
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