植酸酶对大米副产品表观、标准总肠道磷消化率的影响

畜牧编辑

　　2015. J. Anim. Sci. 93(7): 3441-3448

　　植酸酶对大米副产品表观、标准总肠道磷消化率的影响

　　G. A. Casas和H. H. Stein

　　本试验研究了植酸酶对大米副产品（全脂米糠FFRB、脱脂米糠DFRB、糙米、碎米和统糠）磷总肠道表观消化率（ATTD）和标准消化率（STTD）的影响。将96头生长猪（初始体重19.4±1.4kg）随机分为12组，每组8头。对照组为玉米豆粕型日粮，其余五组为日粮中添加全脂米糠FFRB、脱脂米糠DFRB、糙米、碎米和统糠，所有日粮中玉米和豆粕的比例相似。另六种日粮在此基础上额外添加植酸酶1000U。通过直接法计算每种日粮中磷的ATTD和STTD，通过差值法计算得到。试验结果表明植酸酶可以显著降低粪中磷含量（P＜0.05）。基础日粮和碎米日粮的磷消化率没有显著差异，但是无论是否添加植酸酶这两种日粮磷ATTD和STTD都显著高于其它组。在大米副产品中，碎米的磷ATTD和STTD最高（P＜0.05），无论日粮中是否添加植酸酶。在无植酸酶添加情况下，糙米、全脂米糠、脱脂米糠、统糠的磷标准全肠道消化率没有显著差异，但是添加植酸酶后，糙米的磷标准全肠道消化率和表观消化率均高于全脂米糠、脱脂米糠、统糠（P＜0.05）。添加植酸酶能提高糙米、全脂米糠和统糠的磷标准全肠道消化率（P＜0.05）。日粮中添加植酸酶同样能够显著提高大米副产品的钙表观全肠道消化率（P＜0.05）。总之，碎米比其它大米副产品磷标准全肠道消化率都高。由于糙米、全脂米糠、脱脂米糠中较高的植酸含量，其磷标准全肠道消化率较低，但是添加植酸酶可以提高大部分大米副产品的磷标准回肠消化率。

　　Effects of microbial phytase on the apparent and standardized total tract digestibility of phosphorus in rice coproducts fed to growing pigs

　　G. A. Casas and H. H. Stein

　　The objectives of this experiment were to determine the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P and the effect of microbial phytase on ATTD and STTD of P in full-fat rice bran (FFRB), defatted rice bran (DFRB), brown rice, broken rice, and rice mill feed when fed to pigs. Ninety-six barrows (initial BW of 19.4 ± 1.4 kg) were allotted to 12 diets with 8 replicate pigs per diet in a randomized complete block design. A basal diet based on corn and soybean meal was formulated. Five additional diets containing corn, soybean meal, and each rice coproduct were also formulated, and the ratio between corn and soybean meal in these diets was similar to that in the basal diet. Six additional diets that were similar to the initial 6 diets with the exception that 1,000 units of microbial phytase were added to the diets were also formulated. The ATTD and STTD of P were calculated for each diet using the direct procedure, and the ATTD and STTD of P in each rice coproduct were calculated using the difference procedure. Results of the experiment indicated that the concentration of P in feces was reduced (P < 0.05) from pigs fed diets with microbial phytase compared with pigs fed diets without phytase. No differences were observed between the basal diet and the broken rice diet, but the ATTD and the STTD of P in those diets was greater (P < 0.05) than in all other diets both without and with phytase. Among the rice coproducts, the greatest (P < 0.05) ATTD and STTD of P were observed for broken rice regardless of inclusion of phytase. If no microbial phytase was used, the values for STTD of P in brown rice, FFRB, DFRB, and rice mill feed were not different, but if microbial phytase was included in the diet, ATTD and STTD of P in brown rice was greater (P < 0.05) than in FFRB, DFRB, and rice mill feed. The STTD of P in brown rice, FFRB, and rice mill feed was greater (P < 0.05) if microbial phytase was used than if no microbial phytase was used. Addition of microbial phytase to the diets also increased (P < 0.05) the ATTD of Ca regardless of the rice coproducts used. In conclusion, the STTD of P is greater in broken rice than in all other rice coproducts. The STTD of P in brown rice, FFRB, DFRB, and rice mill feed is relatively low due to the high concentration of phytate in these ingredients, but addition of microbial phytase will increase the STTD of P in most rice coproducts。

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