日粮指示剂对育肥猪粪中微生物、挥发性脂肪酸VFA、营养物质消化率和生长性能的影响

畜牧编辑

　　2015. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 2183-2190

　　日粮指示剂对育肥猪粪中微生物、挥发性脂肪酸VFA、营养物质消化率和生长性能的影响

　　B. J. Kerr, T. E. Weber and C. J. Ziemer

　　在测定动物食糜通过速率和营养物质消化率的试验中通常使用指示剂，如三氧化二铬、氧化铁、二氧化钛。然而，这些指示剂对粪中微生物区系以及VFA产量的影响还未知。本文通过两个动物试验，共计72头单栏饲喂的育肥猪，研究了日粮指示剂对粪中微生物区系、粪氨和VFA浓度、营养物质消化率和生长性能的影响。试验日粮分为四组，无指示剂组、0.5% Cr2O3、0.5%Fe2O3、0.5%TiO2组。在试验一中，饲喂33天后，收集新鲜粪便测定微生物区系、粪氨和VFA浓度、营养物质消化率和动物生长性能。试验处理对粪中总菌落数和细菌总数无显著影响。但是与对照组相比，饲喂氧化铁日粮猪只粪中古生菌有降低的趋势（P=0.07）。饲喂指示剂（Cr2O3、Fe2O3和TiO2）日粮可以提高粪中细菌丰度（P=0.03、0.01和0.10），但是却对粪中微生物菌落的均匀性和多样性指数没有影响。变性梯度凝胶电泳分析表明指示剂不会对电泳条带产生影响。不同指示剂对粪中干物质、氨气浓度和VFA浓度产生影响。与对照组相比，饲喂三氧化二铬日粮的猪只对钙、铜、铁和磷的消化率更高（P≤0.02），但是钛消化率降低（P=0.08）。饲喂氧化铁日粮的猪只对钙的消化率更高（P=0.08），但是对钛的消化率更低（P=0.01）。饲喂氧化钛日粮的猪只对铁和锌的消化率更高（P≤0.09），但是钛消化率降低（P=0.01）。在试验二中，日粮指示剂对猪只生长性能无影响。总之，试验结果表明，日粮中添加三氧化二铬、氧化铁和氧化钛对微生物区系、粪氨、VFA浓度、营养物质消化率的影响非常小，表明其适用于消化试验。

　　Dietary marker effects on fecal microbial ecology, fecal VFA, nutrient digestibility coefficients, and growth performance in finishing pigs

　　B. J. Kerr, T. E. Weber and C. J. Ziemer

　　Use of indigestible markers such as Cr2O3, Fe2O3, and TiO2 are commonly used in animal studies to evaluate digesta rate of passage and nutrient digestibility. Yet, the potential impact of indigestible markers on fecal microbial ecology and subsequent VFA generation is not known. Two experiments utilizing a total of 72 individually fed finishing pigs were conducted to describe the impact of dietary markers on fecal microbial ecology, fecal ammonia and VFA concentrations, nutrient digestibility, and pig performance. All pigs were fed a common diet with no marker or with 0.5% Cr2O3, Fe2O3, or TiO2. In Exp. 1, after 33 d of feeding, fresh fecal samples were collected for evaluation of microbial ecology, fecal ammonia and VFA concentrations, and nutrient digestibility, along with measures of animal performance. No differences were noted in total microbes or bacterial counts in pig feces obtained from pigs fed the different dietary markers while Archaea counts were decreased (P = 0.07) in feces obtained from pigs fed the diet containing Fe2O3 compared to pigs fed the control diet. Feeding Cr2O3, Fe2O3, or TiO2 increased fecal bacterial richness (P = 0.03, 0.01, and 0.10; respectively) when compared to pigs fed diets containing no marker, but no dietary marker effects were noted on fecal microbial evenness or the Shannon-Wiener index. Analysis of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis gels did not reveal band pattern alterations due to inclusion of dietary markers in pig diets. There was no effect of dietary marker on fecal DM, ammonia, or VFA concentrations. Pigs fed diets containing Cr2O3 had greater Ca, Cu, Fe, and P (P ≤ 0.02), but lower Ti (P = 0.08) digestibility compared to pigs fed the control diet. Pigs fed diets containing Fe2O3 had greater Ca (P = 0.08) but lower Ti (P = 0.01) digestibility compared to pigs fed the control diet. Pigs fed diets containing TiO2 had greater Fe and Zn (P ≤ 0.09), but lower Ti (P = 0.01) digestibility compared to pigs fed the control diet. In Exp. 2, no effect of dietary marker on pig performance was noted. Overall, the data indicate that the inclusion of Cr2O3, Fe2O3, or TiO2 as digestibility markers have little to no impact on microbial ecology, fecal ammonia or VFA concentrations, nutrient digestibility, or pig growth performance indicating they are suitable for use in digestion studies。

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山中的漫游者

肠道健康，肠道功能，要全面考虑，指示剂有没有影响？是个实验方法的首要考虑因素