高蛋白菜粕和普通菜粕对断奶仔猪生长性能、器官重量、骨灰分和血液指标的影响

畜牧编辑

　　2015. J. Anim. Sci. 93:2165-2173

　　高蛋白菜粕和普通菜粕对断奶仔猪生长性能、器官重量、骨灰分和血液指标的影响

　　C. K. Parr, Y. Liu, C. M. Parsons and H. H. Stein

　　本试验研究了2个高蛋白菜粕（菜粕A，蛋白45.69%；菜粕B，蛋白46.97%）和一个普通菜粕（蛋白35.10%）对断奶仔猪生长性能、器官重量、骨灰分和血液指标的影响。菜粕A和普通菜粕在饲料中的添加比例为10、20、30、40%，菜粕B的添加比例为10、20、30%。对照组日粮中无菜粕添加。总共12种日粮，12个处理。本试验共420只仔猪（初始重：9.8±1.1kg），分为3个单元，随机接受12个处理中的一个，每个处理8个重复，每个重复4-5头猪。计算平均日增重、日均采食量和增重耗料比，并且在试验结束时，每圈屠宰一头仔猪，测定器官重、收集血样、收集左脚第三和第四根掌骨。试验结果表明随着菜粕添加量的提高，日均采食量线性降低（P＜0.05）。日增重随添加比例的上升呈二次曲线，最佳日增重为菜粕添加量10%或20%（P=0.06）。但是，增重耗料比随菜粕A和普通菜粕的添加量增加而线性增加（P＜0.05）。饲喂菜粕B组的猪只肝脏重量随菜粕的添加量增加而线性提高（P＜0.05），但是饲喂普通菜粕的猪只肾脏重量随添加量的上升线性降低（P＜0.05）。随菜粕A添加量的增加，猪只甲状腺重量线性提高（P＜0.05）。菜粕的添加对心脏重和掌骨重无影响。三种菜粕的添加都能线性提高掌骨重的灰分含量。菜粕A和普通菜粕都能线性降低血清中三碘甲状腺氨酸的水平（P＜0.05），添加菜粕A还能线性降低血清甲状腺激素的含量（P＜0.05）。菜粕添加对血液中的血球数和尿素氮没有显著影响。总的来说，从断奶后两周开始，仔猪日粮中可以最高添加20%的高蛋白菜粕或普通菜粕，不会降低生长性能，也不会影响到器官、骨和血液指标。在一些特殊情形下，添加量还能增加。

　　No differences were observed for complete blood counts or blood urea nitrogen if CM was added to the diets. In conclusion, up to 20% high-protein CM or CM-CV may be included in diets for weanling pigs from 2 wk postweaning without reducing growth performance or negatively affecting organ, bone, or blood parameters. In some instances, it may also be possible to use greater inclusion rates.

　　Effects of high-protein or conventional canola meal on growth performance, organ weights, bone ash, and blood characteristics of weanling pigs

　　C. K. Parr, Y. Liu, C. M. Parsons and H. H. Stein

　　An experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of 2 high-protein canola meals (canola meal A [CMA]: 45.69% CP and canola meal B [CMB]: 46.97% CP) and a conventional canola meal (CM-CV: 35.10% CP) on growth performance, organ weights, bone ash, and blood parameters of weanling pigs. Inclusion rates of canola meal (CM) in the diets were 10, 20, 30, or 40% for CMA and CM-CV, whereas inclusions were 10, 20, or 30% for CMB. A control diet containing no CM was also formulated. Therefore, 12 diets were used in this experiment. A total of 420 pigs (initial BW: 9.8 ± 1.1 kg) were divided into 3 blocks and randomly allotted to 1 of the 12 diets with 8 replicate pens per treatment and 4 or 5 pigs per pen. The ADG, ADFI, and G:F were calculated, and at the conclusion of the experiment, 1 pig in each pen was euthanized to allow measurements of organ weights, collection of blood, and collection of the third and fourth metacarpals from the left foot. Results indicate that ADFI was linearly (P < 0.05) decreased if inclusion of CMA, CMB, or CM-CV was increased. Average daily gain for pigs fed CMA tended to increase quadratically with the maximum response observed at 10 or 20% CM inclusion in the diet (P = 0.06). However, G:F was linearly (P < 0.05) increased by adding CMA or CM-CV to the diets. Liver weights were also linearly (P < 0.05) increased if pigs were fed diets containing CMB, but kidney weights were linearly (P < 0.05) decreased by the addition of CM-CV to the diets. Thyroid gland weights increased linearly (P < 0.05) for pigs fed diets containing CMA. No differences were observed in heart and bone weights if CM was added to the diets. Addition of any of the 3 CM linearly (P < 0.05) increased bone ash percentage in the metacarpals. Inclusion of CMA or CM-CV linearly (P < 0.05) decreased concentrations of serum triiodothyronine, and the inclusion of CMA also linearly (P < 0.05) decreased serum thyroxine concentrations. No differences were observed for complete blood counts or blood urea nitrogen if CM was added to the diets. In conclusion, up to 20% high-protein CM or CM-CV may be included in diets for weanling pigs from 2 wk postweaning without reducing growth performance or negatively affecting organ, bone, or blood parameters. In some instances, it may also be possible to use greater inclusion rates。
文章由上海亘泰企业提供。