有针对性的营养去帮助小猪肠道发育Targeted nutrition to help piglet gut develop...

zhou7550 · 发表于 2013-9-5 10:24:04

可以看出现在对于肠道健康认识越来越重视，特别是对于幼小动物（雏鸡、乳猪断奶仔猪等），饲料更换、断奶应急等都可能引起肠道绒毛萎缩，从影响对饲料的消化吸收和利用，甚至引起拉稀等现象。
For a long time, the gut has been described as a simple organ with digestive functions such as motricity, enzyme secretion, digestion, absorption, and immunity. Research and technology have provided us with a better understanding of its functions, and today it is widely accepted that the gut has its own nervous system made up of 500 million nerve cells.
很长一段时间，肠道被描述成一个消化功能的简单器官，比如驱动（可能是蠕动、分节运动、紧张性收缩）、内源性酶分泌、消化、吸收和免疫力。其实通过现在研究和技术发展，人们已经普遍认识到动物肠道是一个由5亿神经细胞组成的神经系统。

Furness and others (1999) proposed that the intestine is in fact a sensory organ. The gut is able to perceive its internal environment and adapt to it autonomously without any interaction with the central nervous system. The scientific community has spoken of the ‘second brain’and ‘ gut-to-gut communication’. The gut has its own brain and autonomy.
事实上，肠道是一个感觉系统，肠道能够感知肠道内环境的变化并且自我调节的去适应它，并且不会和中枢神经有任何互动，科学界报道它为“第二大脑”和“肠与肠交流系统”，肠道有自身的大脑和自治能力。
The researchers demonstrated that the sweetener increases glucose, water and sodium absorption and acts on the epithelial structure by stimulating intestinal development. Six main elements are involved in these gut effect mechanisms: 甜味剂可以增加葡萄糖、水、钠的吸收，还可作用于上皮结构刺激肠道发育。对肠道影响主要有六种元素。
1. Enterocytes肠细胞
These cells constitute the vast majority (98%) of those lining the villus. They are involved in nutrient absorption.

2. SGLT1载体
Short for sodium/glucose co-transporter 1. This is a specific protein located on the cell membrane of enterocytes. It absorbs dietary glucose in the intestine.

3. Enteroendocrine cells肠内分泌细胞
These cells represent 1% of the cells lining the intestinal epithelium. They respond to changes in gut contents by releasing peptides. At least 20 different endocrine cell subpopulations have been defined. We are interested in the enteroendocrine cell, which releases the glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) hormone.

4. GLP-2胰高血糖素样肽
Also known as glucagon-like peptide-2. This gut hormone produced by the enteroendocrine cell plays an essential role in vital processes including the control of intestinal growth, enhancement of intestinal nutrient absorption, gut motility and blood flow.
5. Sweet taste receptors甜味受体
The tongue recognises sweet tastes using a particular receptor that is expressed in lingual epithelium cells. This receptor is made of two subunits and is called T1R2+T1R3. Pancosma organised studies in cooperation with professor Dr Soraya Shirazi-Beechey at the University of Liverpool. These were the first to show that T1R2 and T1R3 are also expressed in the enteroendocrine cells of weaning piglet guts.

6. Enteric neurons肠神经元
The enteric nervous system is a subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that directly controls the gastrointestinal system. It is made up of some hundred million neurons. It can operate independently of the central nervous system.
Physiological response生理反应
Higher glucose absorption leads to an improved nutrition of the villi and the gut mucosa. The sweetener increases villi height and crypt depth. That means that the sweetener increases the intestinal absorption surface and cell renewal (see Table 1).
较高的葡糖吸收可以改善肠道绒毛和粘膜的营养。甜味剂可以增加肠道绒毛高度和隐窝深度，这就意味着甜味剂增加肠道吸收表面积和促进细胞更新。
Water and sodium are absorbed along with glucose. Thanks to the higher level of water absorption, using the sweetener tends to reduce diarrhoea and prevent enteric disorders.水、钠和葡萄糖的吸收，多亏高水平的水吸收，可以降低腹泻和减少肠道紊乱疾病发生。
来自于：http://www.allaboutfeed.net/Nutrition/Feed-Additives