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巴贝西虫病
Babesiosis
Prepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt
Translated by
傅小平博士
病因/发病机理
Cause & Pathogenesis
· 蜱源性原虫感染(牛巴贝西虫、双芽巴贝西虫),特征血管内溶血、发热、贫血、黄疸和血红蛋白尿
Tick borne Protozoal infection (Babesia bovis & bigemina) characterized by intravascular hemolysis, fever, anemia, jaundice and hemoglobinuria
· 蜱(牛蜱)是原虫生活史的一部分
Protozoa spends part of life cycle in tick (Boophilus)
· 发病率取决于蜱的流行程度,成年牛死亡率为100%
Morbidity depends on tick prevalence but mortality rate can approach 100 % in adults
· 蜱生活史为3周----吸血时摄入虫体—传到卵—再到感染新宿主的幼虫,通过吐液感染新宿主(裂殖子破坏红细胞)
Tick life cycle is 3 weeks – protozoa ingested at feeding ~ passes to egg then to larvae which attaches to new host and infects new host via saliva (merozoites rupture RBC)
· 传播也可以通过机械性的方式发生Transmission also occurs by mechanical means
· 感染能持续1-2年
Infection persists up to two years
· 马也可以发生感染
Infection also occurs in horses
危险因素
Risk Factors · 对幼畜危害小
Disease much milder in young animals
· 如果母牛已免疫过,其所产犊牛有6个月龄的免疫保护
If dam is immune, calf is protected until six months of age
· 引进牛最易感
Introduced naïve cattle are the most susceptible
临床症状
Clinical Findings · 潜伏期为2-3周
Incubation period is 2-3 weeks · 许多幼畜隐性感染
Many young animals have inapparent infections
· 成年牛会急性爆发
In adults, acute onset of symptoms
· 高热,沉郁,心动过速,食欲减退,产奶量下降
Fever, depression, tachycardia, anorexia and decreased milk yield
· 粘膜先充血、接着苍白、最后黄疸
Mucous membranes become congested then pale then jaundiced
· 尿液暗红、褐色,多泡(血红蛋白尿)
Urine is dark red, brown and frothy (hemoglobinuria)
· 喷射状水样腹泻
Liquid diarrhea forcefully ejected
· 常24小时内死亡
Often die within 24 hours
· 幸存下来的也要有3周的恢复期Survivors remain ill for three weeks
诊断
Diagnosis · 临床特征、该地区有媒介蜱、实验室检测
Clinical signs and in area with tick vector – laboratory tests
鉴别诊断
Differential Diagnosis
· 无浆体病—无血红蛋白尿
Anaplasmosis – no hemoglobinuria
· 细菌性血红蛋白尿
Bacillary hemoglobinuria
· 产后血红蛋白尿
Post-parturient hemoglobinuria
· 钩端螺旋体病
Leptospirosis - hemoglobinuria
· 锥虫病
Trypanosomiasis
· 泰乐虫病-血红蛋白尿
Theileriosis– hemoglobinuria
实验室和病理学诊断Laboratory and Pathology
· 血管内溶血性贫血
Intra-vascular hemolytic anemia
· 血液姬姆萨染色,看到红细胞内的虫体
Giemsa stain of blood to demonstrate protozoa in RBC
· 尸解----- 黄疸,脾肿大,褐色尿
Post mortem- jaundice, enlarged spleen and brown urine
治疗
Treatment · 二丙酸咪多卡
Imidocarb dipropionate
· 输血和支持疗法
Blood transfusions and supportive treatment
预后情况
Prognosis · 主要依赖于红细胞压积 PCV
Depends on PCV
· > 12%时早期治疗效果好
> 12% good if early treatment
· <12%治疗效果差
<12% guarded to poor
后遗症
Sequelae
· 流产
Abortion
· 巴贝西虫病
Cerebral Babesiosis
预防
Prevention & Control
· 控制蜱
Control ticks
· 可以用化学不育剂或活原生动物药进行接种
Vaccinate with chemosterilant (Imidocarb) and live protozoa
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