瘤胃臌气

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瘤胃臌气

Ruminal Tympany  (Bloat)

Prepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt







         Translated by: Dr. Fu Xiaoping
病因/发病机理


Cause & Pathogenesis
原发性（泡沫性臌气）
Primary (frothy bloat)
· 吃食大量豆荚类饲料
Grazing lush high legume pasture
· 饲胃过多精料

Feedlot cattle on high grain rations
· 精料过细或球状饲料
Finely ground or pelleted feeds
继发性（游离气体性）--打嗝作用的物理性损伤 Secondary (free gas bloat) – physical interference with eructation · 食道管阻塞


Esophageal obstruction
· 慢性瘤胃炎


Chronic ruminitis
· 低血钙症


Hypocalcemia
· 精料过多（乳酸中毒）
Grain overload (lactic acidosis)
· 侧卧



Lateral recumbency
慢性游离气体臌气

Chronic free gas bloat · 慢性肺炎


Chronic pneumonia
· 迷走神经性消化不良
Vagal indigestion

危险因素


Risk Factors · 大量未成熟豆科植物
Lush immature legume pasture
· 高精料低粗料日粮的牛Cattle on high grain low roughage diet
· 慢性肺炎


Chronic pneumonia

临床症状

Clinical Findings · 突然发作


Sudden onset
· 腹部左侧扩张---腰部坎窝
Distention of left side of abdomen – para-lumbar fossa
· 厌食



Anorexia
· 呼吸吃力


Labored breathing
· 粘膜发紫


Cyanotic
· 走路摇摆、倒地

Staggering then recumbency
· 死亡



Death
· 多数发现时已死

May be just found dead

诊断



Diagnosis · 病史、临床症状、尸体解剖结果
History, clinical signs and post mortem results

鉴别诊断


Differential Diagnosis
· 其它原因性突然死亡
Other causes of sudden death in cattle
· 破伤风


Tetanus
· 水肿



Hydrops
· 膀胱破裂


Ruptured bladder


尸解


Post Mortem




· Bloat line on esophagus – congested/cyanotic in cervical area-thoracic area pale
· Blood trapped in front of cervical inlet – compare pre-scapular lymph nodes to pre-femoral lymph nodes
· Rumen is very bloated and if frothy gas bloat – same consistency trough out – frothy

治疗



Treatment · 臌气是一种急症

Bloat is an emergency
· 将动物从牧草区移走
Remove animals from feed source
· 若流离气体多，通过胃导管放气
Pass stomach tube and if free gas, air will come off
· 若泡沫多，导管放气作用不大-----可向胃内加入多库脂钠（缓泻剂），破坏泡沫，释放气体，在用导管放气
If frothy, very little relief with tubing – add dioctol sodium sulfosuccinate to rumen contents-breaks down froth and allows gas to come to top-relieve with stomach tube
· Keep animal up and walking
· 若情况严重，用大套管针钻孔放气或紧急手术处理
If animal is in severe stress, relieve bloat with large bore trochar or emergency Rumenotomy – emergency incision in left para-lumbar fossa – later closure
· 慢性臌气可用胃导管或手术---瘘管减轻
Chronic bloat can be relieved with a stomach tube or by surgery – rumen fistula


预防



Prevention & Control
泡沫性臌气


Frothy Bloat · 限制豆类植物摄入量
Limit % of legume in pastureland
· 限制每天吃青草时间
Limit daily grazing period
· 放牧前饲喂奶牛

Feed cows before turning out on pasture
· 吃草前饲喂干草

Hay before grazing
· 除去嫩草


Strip graze
· 饲喂抗臌气剂-- Proloxalene 10-20 gms /头天
Feed anti-bloat agents-Proloxalene 10-20 gms/head/day
· 饲喂非生物降解性/五毒性油60-120ml/天
Feed non-biodegradable/non-toxic oil or fat at 60-120 ml/day
· 饲喂瘤胃素300mg/头天
Feed Rumensin (Monensin) 300 mg/head/day-bolus
游离气体性臌气

Free gas Bloat · 治疗原发性原因

Treat primary cause

siky

专业英语还是很难记的！！！