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2.THE FUNCTION OF SOCIALLY FACILITATED FEEDING作者A. Lundberg 等
Hypotheses of the function of social facilitation include local resource competition,
learning about new food and increasing group synchronisation. To distinguish among
these hypotheses, information about the proximate causal factors involved is required.
In a series of four experiments we studied social facilitation and feeding in hens. Factors
investigated were (1) pecking intensity and food consumed by the stimulus bird by
altering the food deprivation time between 1, 6, 12 and 24 hours, (2) feeding motivation of the test bird by depriving the test bird for 0, 1, 6 or 12 hours, (3) whether food was novel in combination with differences in familiarity and rank of the stimulus bird and
(4) the novelty of food and whether stimulus bird were feeding. None of the different
deprivation treatments in experiments 1 and 2 affected social facilitation and no effects
of rank or familiarity of the stimulus bird was found. In experiment 3, testing novel food, test birds ate more of novel than familiar food (P=0.004). But in experiment 4, test birds ate more familiar than novel food (P=0.015) and in addition test birds ate more when
stimulus birds were feeding compared to standing (P=0.034), implying social facilitation.
In conclusion, social facilitation was only found in one experiment and the hypothesis
that social facilitation is caused by local resource competition or that the function is to
learn about new food resources can not be fully supported. Since social facilitation was
not always found, not even in the basic experimental setup designed to trigger social
facilitation, we also propose that social facilitation is not as clear a phenomenon as is
often proposed.
THE FUNCTION OF SOCIALLY FACILITATED FEEDING作者A. Lundberg 等
群体促进饲养的功能
群体促进饲养的功能可能包括局部资源竞争，熟悉新食物、增加种群整齐度。为了区别这些假设，一些随机因素的数据、实验是必需的。在以下四个实验我们研究了蛋鸡的群体促进效应和饲养的问题。实验的处理因素包括：（1）在1、6、12、24小时间对蛋鸡禁食，观察互啄强度和采食量的变化。（2）在1、6、12、24小时禁食后，进行蛋鸡诱食实验。（3）不同的熟悉度和级别刺激蛋鸡 不论食物组成是否新奇（4）食物的新奇能否刺激蛋鸡采食增加。实验结果：实验1、2中不同的禁食方式对群体促进效应没有差异，也未发现在等级和亲密程度方面的显著作用。在实验3中，同采食熟悉的食物相比，实验组蛋鸡采食更多的新奇食物（P=0.004），但是在实验4中，同新奇食物相比，试验组蛋鸡采食更多的熟悉食物(P=0.015)，再附加实验中，当蛋鸡静止采食受到刺激时，会采食更多饲料(P=0.034)，这可能有群体促进效应的功劳。结论，仅在一个实验中发现群体促进效应，如果局部资源竞争会导致群体促进效应的出现，或者当一种新资源不充足时，才能了解它的作用、功能。由于群体促进效应难以经常被发现，在基础实验中甚至特意引发种群体促进效应，我们认为群体促进效应如同它一直被人们认为的一样，仍旧是了解不十分明了的现象。
附：试验设计（3），由于原文不完整，翻译的不太通顺，请见谅。
    群体促进效应：一个人的活动会由于有别人同时参加或在场旁观，活动效率会提高，这种现象叫做群体助长或群体促进效应。换言之，群体促进效应是指在别人面前，绩效水平提高或降低的一种倾向。

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