高豆粕比例和超剂量植酸酶对商业饲养条件下断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

畜牧编辑 · 发表于 2018-2-27 10:24:14

　　2017.J. Anim. Sci. 95(12): 5455–5465
　　原文链接：https://academic.oup.com/jas/article/95/12/5455/4772090
　　DOI:10.2527/jas2017.1789

　　高豆粕比例和超剂量植酸酶对商业饲养条件下断奶仔猪生长性能的影响
　　K.Moran， R. D. Boyd， C. Zier-Rush， P. Wilcock， N. Bajjalieh， E. van Heugten

　　翻译：李平校对：上海亘泰

　　本研究通过两项试验来探究保育猪日粮中超剂量添加植酸酶是否可以改善豆粕(SBM)的使用效果。

　　试验一使用2550头猪（体重5.54 ± 0.09kg）来评估在低或高豆粕含量日粮中植酸酶的最优添加水平。2个豆粕水平（低和高）和4个植酸酶剂量水平（0，1250，2500和3750植酸酶单位[FTU]／kg），形成2×4共8个试验处理。试验分3个阶段，时间分别为10、10和22天。低和高豆粕组日粮中豆粕的添加量，在第1阶段，分别为15.0%和25.0%；第2阶段分别是19.0%和29.0%；第三阶段豆粕含量均为32.5%。与低豆粕日粮相比，高豆粕日粮改善了第1、2阶段和全期的肉料比（G:F）（P< 0.01）。植酸酶可二次线性改善第3期和全期的料重比（P < 0.05），植酸酶最适剂量为2500 FTU/kg。高豆粕日粮仅在试验第2天有降低粪便硬度（stool firmness，试验测定了第1至10天的粪便硬度）的趋势（P =0.09）。

　　在试验二中，2112头猪（体重5.99 ±0.10kg）被用来评价母猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）病毒呈阳性的猪场中，高豆粕日粮和植酸酶对断奶仔猪生长性能、粪便硬度、死亡率和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征发病率的影响。猪饲喂程序和阶段设置同试验一。3个豆粕添加水平（低，中，高）和2个植酸酶添加水平（600或2600 FTU），按3×2组合共6个试验处理。豆粕添加量，在第1和第2阶段，分别为15.0、22.5、30%和20.0、27.5、35.0%，第3阶段均为29.0%。结果发现豆粕含量并未影响生长性能。随着豆粕含量的增加，被移除用于治疗的猪只比例呈线性下降(P = 0.04)。高豆粕含量日粮有减少第4和第5天粪便硬度的趋势（P < 0.10），高植酸酶有提高第2和第4天粪便硬度的趋势（P <0.10）。通过测定第20和第42天猪唾液样本中猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒滴度，证实了猪对该病毒的感染状态；然而，病毒载量不受日粮处理影响（P ≥ 0.11）。

　　以上结果表明，在早期乳仔猪日粮中可以增加豆粕水平，不会降低其生长性能，并且可以降低母猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒阳性猪场仔猪的医疗成本。无论豆粕添加量高或低，超剂量水平添加植酸酶均可以提高仔猪的生长性能。

　　关键词：植酸酶，猪繁殖与呼吸综合征，豆粕，断奶仔猪

　　Effectsof high inclusion of soybean meal and a phytase superdose on growth performance of weaned pigs housed under the rigors of commercial conditions

　　K. Moran, R. D. Boyd, C. Zier-Rush, P. Wilcock, N. Bajjalieh, E. van Heugten

　　Two studies were conducted to determine whether soybean meal (SBM) use in nursery pig diets can be increased by superdosing with phytase. In Exp. 1, 2,550 pigs (BW of 5.54 ± 0.09 kg) were used to evaluate the optimal level of phytase in low- or high-SBM diets. Two SBM levels (low and high) and 4 phytase doses (0,1,250, 2,500, and 3,750 phytase units [FTU]/kg) were combined to create 8 dietary treatments in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement. Pigs were fed a 3-phase feeding program, with each period being 10, 10, and 22 d, respectively. Inclusion of low and high SBM was 15.0 and 25.0%, respectively, for Phase 1; 19.0 and 29.0%, respectively, for Phase 2; and 32.5% for the common Phase 3 diet. Pigs fed diets with high SBM had improved G:F for Phase 1 and 2 and overall (P< 0.01) compared with low-SBM diets. Phytase quadratically improved G:F during Phase 3 and overall (P < 0.05), with the optimum phytase dose being 2,500 FTU/kg. High-SBM diets tended (P = 0.09) to decrease stool firmness (determined daily from d 1 to 10) only on d 2. In Exp. 2, 2,112 pigs (BW of5.99 ± 0.10 kg) were used to evaluate the impact of high levels of SBM and phytase on performance, stool firmness, mortality, and morbidity in weaned pigs originating from a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus–positive sow farm. Pigs were fed a 3-phase feeding program as in Exp. 1.Three levels of SBM (low, medium, or high) and 2 phytase levels (600 or 2,600 FTU) were combined to create 6 dietary treatments in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. Inclusion of SBM was 15.0, 22.5, and 30.0% for Phase 1 and 20.0, 27.5, and 35.0% for Phase 2 for low, medium, and high SBM, respectively, and 29.0% forthe common Phase 3 diet. Inclusion of SBM did not affect growth performance. The percentage of pigs removed for medical treatment linearly declined with increasing SBM levels (P = 0.04). High-SBM diets tended (P < 0.10) to decrease stool firmness during d 4 and 5 and high phytase tended (P < 0.10) to improve stool firmness on d 2 and 4. Analyzed PRRS titers in saliva samples collected on d 20 and 42 confirmed the PRRS status of the pigs; however, viralload was not impacted by dietary treatments (P ≥ 0.11). Results indicate that SBM levels in early nursery diets can be increased without decreasing growth performance and may be favorable in pigs originating from PRRS-positive sow farms by reducing costs of medical treatments. Supplementation of phytase at superdose levels can improve growth performance independently from the levelof SBM in the diet.

　　Keywords: phytase, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, soybean meal, weaned pigs

　　来源：猪营养国际论坛CSIS

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[原文翻译] 高豆粕比例和超剂量植酸酶对商业饲养条件下断奶仔猪生长性能的影响