第08期 妊娠后期母猪日粮中添加中链脂肪酸甘油酯提高初生仔猪的成活率

29625248

Increased survival of neonatal pigs by supplementing medium-chain triglycerides in late-gestating sow diets

作者：Kuo-Bin Jean, Shu-Hsing Chiang

Department of Animal Science, P.O. Box 884, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan

来源：Animal Feed Science and Technology 76 (1999) 241±250

翻译：肠动力研究院

摘要：为了研究在母猪日粮中添加中链脂肪酸酯（MCT）提高初生仔猪成活率的功能和机理，开展了2个实验。实验1，从怀孕84天开始一直持续到哺乳第28天，51头母猪饲喂玉米豆粕型日粮，日粮中分别添加大豆油（SO，n=17头），椰子油（CO，n=18头），MCT（n=16头）根据体重按9:1的比例添加。与饲喂大豆油的母猪组相比，饲喂MCT（p<0.01）或椰子油（p<0.05）的母猪组，其初生体重<1100克的仔猪，在出生后头三天的成活率极显著提高。MCT组、椰子油组、大豆油组的前三天成活率分别为：98.6%、80%、47.6%。实验2，从怀孕84天开始持续到分娩，24头母猪，每个处理8头母猪，饲喂日粮与实验1相同。与饲喂大豆油组母猪所产仔猪相比，饲喂MCT（p<0.10）和椰子油（p<0.01）的母猪组，其出生4小时后的仔猪的肝糖原量显著提高、饲喂MCT（p<0.01）和椰子油（p<0.10）的母猪组，其仔猪肌糖原量显著提高。相比大豆油组，MCT组和椰子油组的仔猪的血浆白蛋白显著提高。实验结果显示：母猪日粮含有MCT或椰子油，可能增强了仔猪出生时的机体糖原的储存和仔猪的发育成熟，因此，提高其成活率，特别是出生体重低的仔猪的头三天的成活率。

关键词：中链脂肪酸甘油酯 成活率  机体组成  发育成熟 猪

以下是实验中相关图表

表1. 母猪基础日粮表

2. 日粮脂肪对母猪窝仔生产性能的影响（2.1节-实验1）

图1. 母猪日粮的脂肪对仔猪成活率的影响（2.1节-实验1）。(a)x-轴下面括号里面的数字表示每个处理组的不同初生体重的出生活仔数。(*) 大豆油组vsMCT组或者椰子油组（p<0.05）；(**) 大豆油组vsMCT组（p<0.01）

图2. 日粮脂肪对母猪的血浆 β-羟基丁酸浓度（2.2节-实验2）的影响. (*) 大豆油vsMCT（p<0.05）

表3.  日粮脂肪对母猪的初乳和乳汁组成的影响（2.1节-实验1）

表4.  母猪日粮脂肪对出生后4小时仔猪的机体和血浆组成的影响。（2.2节-实验2）

结论

可以做如下总结：是因为机体糖原的储存的增加和初生仔猪的发育成熟，而不是母乳组成的变化，或许可以解释饲喂MCT的母猪所产仔猪的成活率提高。因此，在妊娠期的1/3时段内，饲喂母猪MCT是一个提高初生仔猪成活率的有效方式。MCT+椰子油（天然和便宜的MCT来源），可能是一个更经济有效的途径。

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted to study the efficacy and causes of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) in sow diet in improving the survival of neonatal pigs. In Experiment 1, beginning on d84 of gestation and continuing through d28 of lactation, 51 sows were fed corn±soybean meal diet mixed with either soybean oil (SO; n 17), coconut oil (CO; n 18), or MCT (n 16) in a proportion of 9 : 1 by weight. The highest improvement in survival of pigs by sows fed MCT (p<0.01) or CO (p<0.05) was observed during the first three days after birth in pigs weighing <1100 g at birth, compared with sows fed SO. Their three-day survival was 98.6, 80.0 and 47.6%, respectively, for MCT, CO and SO groups. In Experiment 2, beginning on d84 of gestation and continuing through farrowing, 24 sows, 8 sows per treatment, were fed diets as in Experiment 1. Liver glycogen content of pigs 4 h after born from sows fed MCT (p<0.10) and CO (p<0.01), and muscle glycogen of pigs from sows fed MCT (p<0.01) and CO (p<0.10) were increased, compared to those of pigs from sows fed SO. Plasma albumin was increased by MCT and CO (p<0.01), relative to SO. The results suggest that MCT or CO in sow diets may enhance the body glycogen stores and maturity of pigs at birth and, hence, their survival, particularly in pigs with low birth weight during the first three days of life. 5 1999 Elsevier Science B.V.

Keywords: Medium-chain triglycerides; Survival; Body composition; Maturity; Pigs

Conclusion

It can be concluded that increased body glycogen stores and probably maturity of pigs at birth, but not the changed sow's milk composition, seem to be the explanation for the increased survival of the pigs from sows fed MCT. Therefore, feeding sows MCT for at least one third of the gestation could be an effective way in increasing the survival of neonatal pigs. Substituting MCT with coconut oil, a natural and cheaper MCT source, may lead to a more cost-effective practice.

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