补充维生素D对母猪生产性能、血浆中维生素代谢产物和新生仔猪肌肉特性的影响

畜牧编辑

　　2016. J. Anim. Sci. 94(11):4629-4642
　　补充维生素D对母猪生产性能、血浆中维生素代谢产物和新生仔猪肌肉特性的影响

　　J. R. Flohr, J. C. Woodworth, J. R.Bergstrom, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, R. D. Goodband 和 J. M. DeRouchey

　　试验一为期30天，选取56头妊娠母猪（PIC 1050；受精后35天）进行试验来探究增加日粮中维生素D3浓度后母猪血浆内25(OH)D3的变化情况。试验母猪随机分至7种不同D3含量（每公斤日粮分别添加200、800、1600、3200、6400、12800、25600IU的D3）的处理组，每个处理8头猪。

　　随着日粮中D3浓度的增加，血浆中25(OH)D3的含量按以下预测方程变化：血浆中25(OH)D3浓度（ng/mL）=35.1746 + (0.002353× 日粮D3含量, IU/d) −(0.0000000156 × 日粮中D3含量2, IU/d)。试验2选取112头母猪及其幼崽进行试验，旨在探究日粮维生素D对母猪生产性能、哺乳期间仔猪生长性能、新生仔猪骨骼与肌肉特性、血浆中维生素代谢产物的影响。母猪配种3-5天后分配至4个处理组中，维生素D添加量分别为：每公斤800、2000、9600IU的D3或每公斤50 μg 的 25(OH)D3，每个处理25-27头母猪。随着母猪日粮中D3含量增加，母猪妊娠100天、分娩和断奶时血浆中25(OH)D3浓度均增加（线性，P = 0.001）。

　　母猪日粮中D3含量的增加会提高仔猪出生（线性，P=0.001）和断奶时（二次的，P = 0.033）血浆25(OH)D3的浓度。饲喂50ug25(OH)D3/kg日粮的母猪妊娠100天、分娩和断奶时血浆25(OH)D3的浓度处在2000 IU D3/kg和9600 IU D3/kg两组之间。饲喂50ug 25(OH)D3/kg日粮的母猪幼崽相较饲喂2000 IUD3/kg日粮的母猪幼崽其血浆中25(OH)D3含量更高，但在断奶时，二组幼崽血浆中25(OH)D3浓度接近。在出生和断奶时，饲喂9600IU D3/kg日粮的母猪幼崽相较饲喂50ug 25(OH)D3/kg日粮的母猪幼崽其血浆中25(OH)D3的浓度更高（P = 0.011）。

　　母猪生产性能、仔猪性状、新生仔猪骨骼灰分含量和肌肉纤维特性受日粮维生素D含量影响极大。总的来说，D3和25(OH)D3在增加血浆 中25(OH)D3浓度方面都是有效的。为使血浆中25(OH)D3达到相似水平，相较直接饲喂25(OH)D3，饲喂D3时需耗费更多添加量（以等价的IU为基础）。正如断奶仔猪血浆中25(OH)D3的浓度数据所示，哺乳期母猪VD的添加量（而不是VD的形式）对母乳中VD的影响更大。

　　Evaluating the impact of maternal vitamin D supplementation: I. Sow performance, serum vitamin metabolites, and neonatal muscle characteristics

　　J. R. Flohr, J. C. Woodworth, J. R.Bergstrom, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, R. D. Goodband and J. M. DeRouchey

　　In Exp. 1, 56 gestating sows (PIC 1050; 35d post insemination) were used in a 30-d trial to determine serum 25(OH)D3 response to increasing concentrations of dietary vitamin D3. Sows were randomly allotted to 1 of 7 dietary D3 treatments (200, 800, 1,600, 3,200, 6,400,12,800, or 25,600 IU of added D3 per kilogram of complete diet) with 8 sows per treatment. Increasing D3 increased (quadratic; P < 0.001) serum 25(OH)D3 with the response depicted by the prediction equation: serum 25(OH)D3, ng/mL =35.1746 + (0.002353 × dietary D3, IU/d) &#8722; (0.0000000156 × dietary D3, IU/d2). In Exp. 2, 112 sows and their litters were used to determine the effects ofdietary vitamin D regimen on sow performance, subsequent preweaning pig performance, neonatal bone and muscle characteristics, and serum vitamin metabolites. Sows were allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments 3 to 5 d following breeding: 800, 2,000, or 9,600 IU of D3 per kilogram of the diet or 50 μg of 25(OH)D3 (2,000 IU of D3 equivalent from Hy-D, DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ) per kilogram of diet. There were 25 to 27 sows per treatment. Increasing dietary D3 increased (linear, P = 0.001) serum 25(OH)D3 of sows on d100 of gestation, at farrowing, and at weaning. Increasing D3 in sow diets increased piglet serum 25(OH)D3 at birth (linear, P = 0.001) and weaning (quadratic, P = 0.033). Sows fed 50 μg of 25(OH)D3/kg had intermediate (P <0.004) serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations on d 100 of gestation, at farrowing, and at weaning compared with sows fed 2,000 IU of D3/kg and sows fed 9,600 IU of D3/kg. Pigs from sows fed 50 μg of 25(OH)D3/kg had greater serum 25(OH)D3 compared with pigs from sows fed 2,000 IU of D3/kg, but at weaning, serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations were similar. Also, pigs from sows fed 9,600 IU of D3/kg had greater (P = 0.011) serum 25(OH)D3 at birth and weaning compared with pigs from sows fed 50 μg of 25(OH)D3/kg. Maternal performance, litter characteristics, neonatal bone ash content, and neonatal muscle fiber characteristics were largely unaffected by the dietary vitamin D treatments. Overall, D3 and 25(OH)D3 are both useful at increasing serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations, but more D3 (on an equivalent IU basis) is needed to achieve similar serum 25(OH)D3 responses compared with feeding 25(OH)D3. Concentration of maternal vitamin D supplementation in lactation impacted milk transfer of the vitamin more so than the form of the vitamin, as evidence by the weaned pig serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations.


作者：李光燃  来源：猪营养国际论坛CSIS