【猪】第六十一期：肠道内乳糖和矿物质浓度影响饲喂配方奶粉的新生仔猪胃肠道内微...

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　　肠道内乳糖和矿物质浓度影响饲喂配方奶粉的新生仔猪胃肠道内微生物生态

　　R.Pieper, W. Vahjen 和 J. Zentek

　　高产现代猪种已经导致对新生仔猪要使用更多的人工抚养和配方饲喂，从而可能会改变它们的肠道细菌生态。本试验的新生仔猪饲喂基于牛奶的配方奶粉（FO）或母乳饲养（SM）两周时间后收集胃、空肠和结肠内容物，然后分析内容物的酶活性、细菌代谢产物并用实时定量PCR仪检测菌群16S rRNA基因的转录。FO组相较SM组其空肠中乳糖酶活性更低且空肠和结肠中乳糖浓度更高（P < 0.05）。饲喂FO的仔猪胃内容物中除了埃希氏菌属/哈夫尼菌属/志贺氏菌属之外其它所有菌群的16S rRNA转录拷贝数均降低（P < 0.05）。饲喂FO的仔猪空肠内乳酸菌群和梭状芽胞杆菌群I的16S rRNA转录拷贝数较低。相应的，饲喂FO的仔猪结肠内埃希氏菌属和梭状芽胞杆菌群I的转录丰度较高。饲喂FO的仔猪结肠内D型、L型乳酸和个别与总的短链脂肪酸含量较高（P < 0.05）。多冗余度分析显示矿物质浓度（灰分、Ca、Mg、K、Na、Mn和Zn）与上消化道内细菌丰度和活性和的降低相关的，而乳糖对结肠菌群的影响最显著。本研究表明除乳糖之外矿物质浓度也改变了饲喂FO的仔猪胃肠道内的微生物群落。


　　Intestinal lactose and mineral concentration affect the microbial ecophysiology along the gastrointestinal tract of formula-fed neonatal piglets

　　R. Pieper, W. Vahjen and J. Zentek

　　Hyperprolificacyin modern pig breeds has led to increased use of artificial rearing and formula feeding of neonatal piglets, which may change their intestinal bacterial ecophysiology. Here, newborn piglets (n = 8 per group) were fed a bovine milk-based formula (FO) or allowed to suckle their mothers (sow milk [SM]) for2 wk, and digesta samples from the stomach, jejunum, and colon were subsequently analyzed for enzyme activities, bacterial metabolites, and 16SrRNA transcripts of bacterial groups by quantitative real-time PCR. Jejunal lactase activity was lower and lactose concentration was greater in the jejunum and colon in the FO group compared with the SM group (P < 0.05). In the stomach, FO-fed pigs had a lower copy number of 16S rRNA transcripts for allanalyzed bacterial groups (P < 0.05) except for the Escherichia/ Hafnia/ Shigella group. In the jejunum, 16S rRNA transcripts of lactic acid bacteria and clostridial cluster I were lower (P < 0.05) in FO-fed pigs. In turn, transcript abundance of the Escherichia group and clostridialcluster I was greater in FO-fed pigs in the colon (P < 0.05). In FO-fed piglets, concentrations of d-and l-lactate and total and individual short-chain fatty acids were higher in the colon (P < 0.05). Multivariate redundancy analysis revealed that the concentration of minerals (ash, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Mn, and Zn) were associated with reduced bacterial abundance and activity in the upper gastrointestinal tract, whereas lactose had the most pronounced effect on the colon microbiota. The present study revealed that, apart from lactose, the mineral concentration modifies the microbial communities in the gastrointestinal tract of FO-fed piglets.

翻译：李光然    转自：猪营养国际论坛CSIS