日粮料型和配方对育肥猪生长性能、胴体重和胴体脂肪碘值的影响

畜牧编辑

　　2015. J. Anim. Sci. 93(9): 4486-4499
　　日粮料型和配方对育肥猪生长性能、胴体重和胴体脂肪碘值的影响
　　J. E.Nemechek, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, R. D. Goodband, J. M. DeRouchey和J. C. Woodworth


　　本论文通过两个动物试验研究制粒、日粮配方（脂肪和纤维含量）对育肥猪生长性能、胴体产量和胴体脂肪碘值的影响。每个试验选用288头育肥猪（初始体重分别为49.6和48.5kg），试验为2×3双因子试验设计。试验一，试验设计为2种日粮类型（粉料，颗粒料），饲养方案包括：1）低纤维-低脂肪日粮，玉米豆粕型，0-81d；2）0-64d，高纤维-高脂肪日粮，30%DDGS，19%次粉，65-81d为低纤维低脂日粮；3）0-81d，高纤维-高脂肪日粮。与粉料相比，颗粒料能显著提高日增重和增重耗料比（P＜0.05）。颗粒料能显著增加腹脂碘值（2.9mg/kg），在全期饲喂高纤维高脂日粮下碘值增加更多（互作，P＜0.05）。与其它两组相比，低纤维低脂日粮改善了增重耗料比（P＜0.001）。与全期饲喂高脂高纤维日粮相比，全期或后16天饲喂低脂低纤维日粮能显著提高胴体重（P＜0.001）。

试验二，试验主因子包括日粮料型（粉料，颗粒料），日粮配方：1）玉米豆粕型，对照组；2）对照组添加30%DDGS和19%次粉；3）对照组中添加3%玉米油。预计玉米油组与DDGS组猪只胴体脂肪碘值相近。与粉料相比，饲喂颗粒料显著（P＜0.05）增加日增重，饲料转化率和腹脂碘值（1.3mg/kg）。与对照组和玉米油组相比，DDGS-次粉组降低了日增重、胴体产量和活胴体重（P＜0.05）。与玉米油组相比，DDGS-次粉组饲料转化率显著提高（P＜0.001）。DDGS-次粉组猪只腹脂碘值最高，玉米油组次之，对照组最低。总之，饲料制粒能改善日增重（约3%）和饲料转化率（约6%），并且此试验发现育肥猪饲喂颗粒料会提高腹脂碘值。

　　Effects of diet form and type on growth performance, carcass yield, and iodine value of finishing pigs

　　J. E. Nemechek, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, R. D. Goodband, J. M. DeRouchey and J. C. Woodworth

　　Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of pelleting, diet type (fat and fiber level), and withdrawal of dietary fiber and fat before marketing on growth performance, carcass yield, and carcass fat iodine value (IV) of finishing pigs. Each experiment used 288 pigs (initially 49.6 and 48.5 kg BW, respectively) with 6 dietary treatments arranged as 2 × 3 factorials. In Exp. 1, main effects were diet form (meal vs. pellet) and diet regimen. Diet regimens were 1) a low-fiber, low-fat (corn–soybean meal) diet from d 0 to 81, 2) a high-fiber, high-fat (30% dried distillers grains with solubles [DDGS] and 19% wheat middlings [midds]) diet from d 0 to 64 followed by the low-fiber, low-fat diet from d 64 to 81 (fiber and fat withdrawal), and 3) the high-fiber, high-fat diet fed from d 0 to 81. Pigs fed pelleted diets had increased (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F compared with those fed meal diets. Pigs fed pelleted diets had increased belly fat IV (2.9 mg/g) compared with those fed meal diets, with a greater increase when fed high-fiber, high-fat diets throughout the entire study (interaction, P < 0.05). Pigs fed the low-fiber, low-fat diet throughout had increased (P < 0.001) G:F compared with pigs fed the other 2 treatments. Pigs fed low-fiber, low-fat diets throughout the study or pigs withdrawn from high-fiber, high-fat diets had increased (P < 0.001) carcass yield compared with pigs fed high-fiber, high-fat diets throughout. In Exp. 2, treatment main effects were diet form (meal vs. pellet) and diet type (corn–soybean meal–based control, the control with 30% DDGS and 19% midds, or the control diet with 3% corn oil). The diet containing corn oil was calculated to produce carcass fat IV similar to diets containing DDGS and midds. Overall, pigs fed pelleted diets had increased (P < 0.05) ADG, G:F, and belly fat IV (1.3 mg/g) compared with those fed meal diets. Pigs fed the diets containing DDGS and midds had decreased (P < 0.05) ADG, carcass yield, and HCW compared with pigs fed the control or corn oil diets and decreased (P < 0.001) G:F compared with pigs fed added corn oil. Belly IV was greatest (P < 0.001) for pigs fed diets with DDGS and midds and lowest for pigs fed the control diet, with pigs fed the corn oil diets intermediate. In conclusion, pelleting diets improves pig ADG (approximately 3%) and G:F (approximately 6%); however, a novel finding of this study is that pelleting diets fed to finishing pigs also increases belly fat IV。
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