日粮电解质平衡对断奶仔猪饲料诱食性及生长性能的影响

畜牧编辑

　　2015. J. Anim. Sci. 93(6):2840-2848

　　日粮电解质平衡对断奶仔猪饲料诱食性及生长性能的影响

　　S. A. Guzmán-Pino , D. Solà-Oriol, R. Davin, E. G. Manzanilla和J. F. Pérez

　　本论文包括三个试验，共选用672头断奶仔猪（断奶后21天，体重约13kg），研究日粮电解质平衡（dEB，Na+K-Cl, 单位为mEq/kg日粮）对饲料偏好性及生长性能的影响。试验一，四个试验日粮能量相同，但是dEB值分别为16、133、152、269mEq/kg。日粮dEB值的调节通过添加不同水平氯化钙、碳酸钙、碳酸氢钠实现。与269mEq/kg日粮组相比，饲喂dEB值为16和133mEq/kg日粮时，猪只日增重（P＜0.04）和末重（P＜0.04）更高，并且粗蛋白和锌表观全肠道消化率更高（P＜0.05）。与其他组相比，16 mEq/kg日粮组猪只血中总CO2（P＜0.01）、碳酸氢根（P＜0.01）、碱过剩（P＜0.02）浓度均有降低。试验二和试验三配制了三种日粮：日粮dEB值分别为-16、151、338mEq/kg。试验二中，–16 mEq/kg日粮组比388 mEq/kg日粮组采食量（P=0.03）、体重（P=0.02）、日增重（P＜0.001）、增重耗料比（P＜0.01）更好。此实验结束后继续通过双料槽试验研究猪只对不同dEB值日粮的短期（30分钟）偏好性。无论前一试验饲喂何种饲料，与-16 mEq/kg日粮相比，仔猪更喜欢采食388 mEq/kg日粮（P＜0.001）。同样与-16 mEq/kg日粮相比，仔猪更喜欢151 mEq/kg 日粮。试验三评估了–16和388 mEq/kg日粮的长期偏好性和短期采食量。与试验二结果相似，在长期偏好性试验（14天）和短期采食量试验中（2小时，每圈一个料槽），388 mEq/kg日粮采食都要比–16mEq/kg日粮更高。在有选择的情况下，无论是短期的、长期的偏好性试验，亦或是短期的采食量试验，猪只更喜欢采食高dEB值日粮，表明猪只不会选择会使生长性能最佳的日粮。

　　Influence of dietary electrolyte balance on feed preference and growth performance of postweaned piglets

　　S. A. Guzmán-Pino , D. Solà-Oriol, R. Davin, E. G. Manzanilla and J. F. Pérez

　　A total of 672 male and female piglets (21 d postweaning; approximately 13 kg BW) were selected to be used in 3 different experiments to assess the influence of dietary electrolyte balance (dEB; Na + K – Cl, in mEq/kg of diet) on feed preference and growth performance. In Exp. 1, piglets were fed 4 isoenergetic diets differing in dEB level: 16, 133, 152, and 269 mEq/kg diets. Changes on dEB were obtained by changing the levels of sodium and chloride with calcium chloride, calcium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate. Piglets fed the 16 and 133 mEq/kg diets achieved a greater ADG (P < 0.04), BW (P < 0.04), and apparent total-tract digestibility of CP and Zn (P < 0.05) than did piglets fed the 269 mEq/kg diet. The 16 mEq/kg level also reduced blood total CO2 (P < 0.01), bicarbonate (P < 0.01), and base excess (P < 0.02) concentrations compared with the rest of the dietary treatments. Three diets differing in dEB were designed for Exp. 2 and 3: –16, 151, and 388 mEq/kg diets. In Exp. 2, greater ADFI (P = 0.03), BW (P = 0.02), ADG (P < 0.001), and G:F (P < 0.01) were observed for piglets fed the –16 mEq/kg diet than those fed the 388 mEq/kg diet. Subsequently, their short-term preference for these diets was assessed by using a 2-d choice-test protocol (30 min). Piglets preferred (P < 0.001) the 388 mEq/kg diet to the –16 mEq/kg diet, independently of the dietary treatment they received before. Pigs also preferred (P < 0.001) the 151 mEq/kg diet when compared with the –16 mEq/kg diet. Experiment 3 assessed the long-term preference and short-term consumption of the –16 and 388 mEq/kg diets. Similar to Exp. 2, animals showed a greater (P < 0.001) intake of the 388 mEq/kg diet than they did of the –16 mEq/kg diet during both the preference (14 d) and 1-feeder (2 h) tests conducted. Results show that low rather than high dEB levels optimize growth performance of piglets. When they have the opportunity to choose, piglets are unable to select the diet that optimizes their performance, either in short- or in long-term preference tests, showing also a greater short-term consumption of high instead of low dEB levels。
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