胎儿期日粮的风味影响了仔猪断奶前后的风味爱好

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　　在断奶后,仔猪面对一系列的压力挑战，包括需要吃新的饲料，表现出不同时间间隔的营养不良和厌食，这使它们的死亡率很容易扩大。
　　有一些策略可以帮助改善胃肠道的发育和功能，据报道它们与断奶后短暂时期的性能有正相关作用。哺乳动物的饲喂行为是建立在遗传学的基础上，也建立在后天学习的基础上，这个过程可伴随整个生命周期建立对某些日粮原料和风味的偏好。众所周知，哺乳动物在出生后，有能力根据检测羊水的自然风味来接近自己的母亲。
　　本研究中，假设仔猪在吃奶期的风味选择可能会被胎儿期的风味记忆影响。本研究的目的是（1）测定吃奶期是否会表现出对母亲羊水或外来羊水的喜好【试验1】，（2）评估是否可依据胎儿期的日粮风味改变吃奶期和断奶仔猪的教糟料风味（分别是试验2和试验3）。通过三重U型竞技测试法，在7分钟，提供一个三重选择来刺激，这三个选择是产妇羊水，外来的产妇羊水和水（试验1）；在妊娠后期的日粮中添加某种风味，对照组和水（试验2）。
　　相同的产前策略用来研究哺乳期（试验3）仔猪对调味或未调味教糟料的偏爱。试验1的结果表明仔猪偏爱它们自己母亲的羊水风味(P<0.001)，但是这些偏好随年龄消失。此外，在试验2中，产前日粮材料的风味影响了吃奶期的仔猪偏好(P<0.001)。然而，在试验3中，与未调味的教糟料相比，胎儿期接触的风味没有改善仔猪的风味偏好
　　结论，产前接触的日粮材料风味影响了仔猪对新风味的偏好，可能是通过子宫中以及家族影响的享乐奖励和风味之间的正相关来调节的。出生前的参数似乎是持久存在的。这可能是降低幼龄仔猪对特殊风味的新奇恐怖症的重要因素。【意思可能是要想适应教糟料，抹点类似母亲羊水风味的东西有利于诱食】
　　英文来源：pig333.com
　　译者：IRIS

　　文章出版日期:2013年10月24日
　　原题目:日粮材料的风味影响了仔猪断奶前后的风味爱好
　　期刊Animal Feed Science and Technology, 183; 160 - 167.
　　链接:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.04.023


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英文：　　During the post-weaning period, piglets face a large list of stressful challenge, including the need to eat new feed responding with variable periods of underfeeding and anorexia that make them vulnerable increasing the mortality rate. There are some strategies that may help to improve the development and function of the gastrointestinal tract and have been positively related to performance in the immediate post-weaning period. Feeding behaviour in mammals is based upon genetic components, and also on learning; a process which is established along the entire life to create preferences for some ingredients or flavours of the diet. It is well known that newborn mammals have the ability to approach their own mother after birth by the detection of the natural flavours of amniotic fluid. The hypothesis tested in the present study was that flavour choices in piglets during the suckling period may be influenced by the prenatal experience with those flavours. The aims of this study were (1) to determine whether suckling piglets show a preference for either the odour of maternal amniotic fluid or the odour of alien amniotic fluid (Experiment 1) and (2) to evaluate if pre-natal flavour exposure via maternal diet modifies flavour and creep-feed preferences in suckling and weaning piglets (Experiments 2 and 3, respectively).Through Triple-U-Testing Arena (TUTA), during 7 min, were offered a triple-choice stimulus among maternal amniotic fluid, alien amniotic fluid or water (Experiment 1) or among a flavour added to the late-gestation diet, a control flavour and water (Experiment 2). The same prenatal strategy was used to study the piglet’s preference for flavoured or unflavoured creep feed during the suckling period (Experiment 3). The results in Experiment 1 showed that suckling piglets preferred amniotic-fluid flavours from their own mother (P<0.001), but these preferences disappeared with age. Furthermore, in Experiment 2, prenatal flavour exposure via maternal diet significantly influenced a piglet’s preferences during lactation (P<0.001). However, in Experiment 3, prenatal flavour exposure did not improve the preference of piglets for a flavoured compared to an unflavoured creep feed diet.

　　In conclusion, pre-natal exposure to flavours via maternal diet influences the piglet’s preferences for new flavours, probably through a positive association between flavours and the hedonic reward of the uterine experience and a familiarity effect. Preferences acquired before birth seem to be long-lasting. This may be an important factor to reduce neophobia for specific flavours in young pigs.