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草木樨中毒
Sweet Clover Poisoning
Prepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt
Translated by Dr. Yachun Wang
病因/发病机理
Cause & Pathogenesis
· 草木樨属干草中的香豆素被真菌转化为双香豆素
Coumarin found in sweet clover hay, is converted to dicoumarin by fungi
· 双香豆素抑制维生素K的活性,而维生素K是产生凝血因子(II, VII, IX 和 X)所必须的
Dicoumarin inhibits the activity of Vitamin K, which is necessary for the production of clotting factors (II, VII, IX & X)
· 出现出血、肿胀及死亡
Results in hemorrhages, swelling and death
危险因素
Risk Factors · 发霉的草木樨属干草
Moldy sweet clover hay
临床症状
Clinical Findings
· 出血造成皮下肿胀(可能是肢蹄肿胀)
Subcutaneous swellings caused by hemorrhage (maybe swollen legs)
· 口腔粘膜苍白,虚弱并有血肿形成
Pale mucous membranes, weakness and hematoma formation
· 受伤后持续出血
Persistent hemorrhage after injury
· 不发热但血管内出血可造成死亡
No fever but can progress to death from intra-vascular blood loss
诊断
Diagnosis · 临床症状以及尸体剖检
Clinical signs and post mortem results
鉴别诊断
Differential Diagnosis
· 黑腿病
Blackleg
· 蕨中毒
Bracken fern poisoning
· 苄丙酮香豆素中毒
Warfarin poisoning
实验室和病理学诊断Laboratory and Pathology
· 严重贫血
Severe anemia
· 血液凝集所需时间和凝血酶原转化时间延长,但血小板正常
Prolonged clotting and prothrombin time but normal platelets
· 饲料、血液以及肝脏中双香豆素含量高
High levels of dicoumarin in the feed, blood and liver
治疗
Treatment · 禁喂致病的腐败草木樨干草
Remove source
· 输血
Blood transfusions
· 每6小时服用维生素K1
(2mg/kg IM),直至凝血酶原水平恢复正常
Administer Vitamin K1 (2mg/kg IM) every 6 hours until prothrombin levels are normal
预后情况
Prognosis · 一般救治较晚,治疗效果不好
Poor as often too late to treat
预防
Prevention & Control
· 避免饲喂发霉的草木樨干草
Avoid feeding moldy sweet clover hay
· 将发霉的干草与质量好的干草以1:3比例混合
Dilute moldy hay 1:3 with good hay
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