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[疾病防控] 巴贝西虫病

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发表于 2008-1-13 14:45:31 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  巴贝西虫病
  Babesiosis
  Prepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt
  Translated by
  傅小平博士
  病因/发病机理
  Cause & Pathogenesis
  · 蜱源性原虫感染(牛巴贝西虫、双芽巴贝西虫),特征血管内溶血、发热、贫血、黄疸和血红蛋白尿
  Tick borne Protozoal infection (Babesia bovis & bigemina) characterized by intravascular hemolysis, fever, anemia, jaundice and hemoglobinuria
  · 蜱(牛蜱)是原虫生活史的一部分
  Protozoa spends part of life cycle in tick (Boophilus)
  · 发病率取决于蜱的流行程度,成年牛死亡率为100%
  Morbidity depends on tick prevalence but mortality rate can approach 100 % in adults
  · 蜱生活史为3周----吸血时摄入虫体—传到卵—再到感染新宿主的幼虫,通过吐液感染新宿主(裂殖子破坏红细胞)
  Tick life cycle is 3 weeks – protozoa ingested at feeding ~ passes to egg then to larvae which attaches to new host and infects new host via saliva (merozoites rupture RBC)
  · 传播也可以通过机械性的方式发生Transmission also occurs by mechanical means
  · 感染能持续1-2年
  Infection persists up to two years
  · 马也可以发生感染
  Infection also occurs in horses
  危险因素
  Risk Factors · 对幼畜危害小
  Disease much milder in young animals
  · 如果母牛已免疫过,其所产犊牛有6个月龄的免疫保护
  If dam is immune, calf is protected until six months of age
  · 引进牛最易感
  Introduced naïve cattle are the most susceptible
  临床症状
  Clinical Findings · 潜伏期为2-3周
  Incubation period is 2-3 weeks · 许多幼畜隐性感染
  Many young animals have inapparent infections
  · 成年牛会急性爆发
  In adults, acute onset of symptoms
  · 高热,沉郁,心动过速,食欲减退,产奶量下降
  Fever, depression, tachycardia, anorexia and decreased milk yield
  · 粘膜先充血、接着苍白、最后黄疸
  Mucous membranes become congested then pale then jaundiced
  · 尿液暗红、褐色,多泡(血红蛋白尿)
  Urine is dark red, brown and frothy (hemoglobinuria)
  · 喷射状水样腹泻
  Liquid diarrhea forcefully ejected
  · 常24小时内死亡
  Often die within 24 hours
  · 幸存下来的也要有3周的恢复期Survivors remain ill for three weeks
  诊断
  Diagnosis · 临床特征、该地区有媒介蜱、实验室检测
  Clinical signs and in area with tick vector – laboratory tests
  鉴别诊断
  Differential Diagnosis
  · 无浆体病—无血红蛋白尿
  Anaplasmosis – no hemoglobinuria
  · 细菌性血红蛋白尿
  Bacillary hemoglobinuria
  · 产后血红蛋白尿
  Post-parturient hemoglobinuria
  · 钩端螺旋体病
  Leptospirosis - hemoglobinuria
  · 锥虫病
  Trypanosomiasis
  · 泰乐虫病-血红蛋白尿
  Theileriosis– hemoglobinuria
  实验室和病理学诊断Laboratory and Pathology
  · 血管内溶血性贫血
  Intra-vascular hemolytic anemia
  · 血液姬姆萨染色,看到红细胞内的虫体
  Giemsa stain of blood to demonstrate protozoa in RBC
  · 尸解----- 黄疸,脾肿大,褐色尿
  Post mortem- jaundice, enlarged spleen and brown urine
  治疗
  Treatment · 二丙酸咪多卡
  Imidocarb dipropionate
  · 输血和支持疗法
  Blood transfusions and supportive treatment
  预后情况
  Prognosis · 主要依赖于红细胞压积 PCV
  Depends on PCV
  · > 12%时早期治疗效果好
  > 12% good if early treatment
  · <12%治疗效果差
  <12% guarded to poor
  后遗症
  Sequelae
  · 流产
  Abortion
  · 巴贝西虫病
  Cerebral Babesiosis
  预防
  Prevention & Control
  · 控制蜱
  Control ticks
  · 可以用化学不育剂或活原生动物药进行接种
  Vaccinate with chemosterilant (Imidocarb) and live protozoa
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