《中国2007年度军事报告》中英文对照版

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根据《2000财政年度国防授权法》向国会报告中华人民共和国的军事力量
   
    根据《2000财政年度国防授权法》第1202款关于“中华人民共和国年度军事力量报告”的规定,国防部长应每年提交一份报告“关于中国的当前及未来军事战略,报告中应针对目前和今后20年人民解放军的可能的军事技术的发展,中国的安全战略和军事战略,以及军事组织和作战观念.
    Section 1202, “Annual Report on Military Power of the People’s Republic of China,” of the　National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000, Public Law 106-65, provides that　the Secretary of Defense shall submit a report “on the current and future military strategy　of the People’s Republic of China. The report shall address the current and probable future　course of military-technological development on the People’s Liberation Army and the tenets　and probable development of Chinese grand strategy, security strategy, and military strategy,　and of the military organizations and operational concepts, through the next 20 years.”
   
    内容提要
   
    中国在区域性的政治和经济实力的迅速崛起,以成为全球当今战略环境的一个重要因素,对本地区和世界发挥着重要影响. 美国欢迎出现一个和平与繁荣的中国,鼓励中国作为一个负责任的国际利益,并对全球的健康与发展承担更大的责任. 然而, 中国还有许多不确定性的未来,包括中国扩充军力,权力如何使用.
   
    中国人民解放军,正在谋求全面转型,由在其领土的陆军大规模消耗战争，转变为能够打赢短期的, 高强度冲突，对付高技术对手--中国指为"局部战争条件下的信息化" 中国的军事实力目前仍然有限,但是, 正如在2006年的四年国防报告中所讲, 它"具有很大的潜力,在军事上与美国的竞争,在未来时间可能抵消美国传统的军事优势. "
   
    中国短期内的焦点是准备在台湾海峡的可能性军事行动,包括美国的干预, 看来是它现代化规划一个重要的驱动. 不过,分析中国的军事采购与战略思维,表明北京也可能因为资源冲突或领土争端，而在其它地区发生突发事件.
   
    中国的军事转型, 在发展速度和规模上,近年来一直在增长, 购买外国先进武器,刺激了本国国防和科学技术产业,而且对武装部队的改革影响深远.中国军队日益扩大的军事能力,是改变东亚的军事平衡的一个重要因素中国的战略能力的改善所产生的影响远远超出了亚太地区.
   
    中国战略力量的现代化,是提高其战略的打击能力,例如东风-31洲际弹道导弹, 2006年初取得了初步的威胁. 中国的太空计划的标志,是2007年1月成功试验一种能直接攻击卫星的武器, 反卫星武器对人类的航天飞行构成了危险,并危及到所有空间航天的国家的资产. 中国在继续追求传统的陆地,空中,海洋,以及空间和网络空间的现代战场.
   
    外部世界有限的了解中国的军事现代化的动机,决策与关键能力. 中国领导人尚未充分解释中国人民解放军扩充军力的目的或预期目的. 中国的行动,在某些方面似乎越来越不符合其申明的政策. 中国实际的国防支出仍远高于官方公布的数字. 这种缺乏透明度的中国军事事务自然会遭到国际社会的不理解和迅速的反应.
   
    China’s rapid rise as a regional political and economic power with global aspirations is an important element　of today’s strategic environment – one that has signifi cant implications for the region and the world. The　United States welcomes the rise of a peaceful and prosperous China, and it encourages China to participate as　a responsible international stakeholder by taking on a greater share of responsibility for the health and success　of the global system. However, much uncertainty surrounds the future course China’s leaders will set for their　country, including in the area of China’s expanding military power and how that power might be used.The People’s Liberation Army (PLA) is pursuing comprehensive transformation from a mass army designed　for protracted wars of attrition on its territory to one capable of fi ghting and winning short-duration, highintensity　confl icts against high-tech adversaries – which China refers to as “local wars under conditions of　informatization.” China’s ability to sustain military power at a distance, at present, remains limited but, as　noted in the 2006 Quadrennial Defense Review Report, it “has the greatest potential to compete militarily with　the United States and fi eld disruptive military technologies that could over time offset traditional U.S. military　advantages.”China’s near-term focus on preparing for military contingencies in the Taiwan Strait, including the possibility　of U.S. intervention, appears to be an important driver of its modernization plans. However, analysis of　China’s military acquisitions and strategic thinking suggests Beijing is also generating capabilities for other　regional contingencies, such as confl ict over resources or territory.　The pace and scope of China’s military transformation has increased in recent years, fueled by continued high　rates of investment in its domestic defense and science and technology industries, acquisition of advanced　foreign weapons, and far reaching reforms of the armed forces. The expanding military capabilities of China’s　armed forces are a major factor in changing East Asian military balances; improvements in China’s strategic　capabilities have ramifi cations far beyond the Asia Pacific region.China’s strategic forces modernization is enhancing strategic strike capabilities, as evidenced by the DF-31　intercontinental range ballistic missile, which achieved initial threat availability in 2006. China’s counterspace　program – punctuated by the January 2007 successful test of a direct-ascent, anti-satellite weapon – poses　dangers to human space fl ight and puts at risk the assets of all space faring nations. China’s continued pursuit　of area denial and anti-access strategies is expanding from the traditional land, air, and sea dimensions of the　modern battlefi eld to include space and cyber-space.　The outside world has limited knowledge of the motivations, decision-making, and key capabilities supporting　China’s military modernization. China’s leaders have yet to explain adequately the purposes or desired endstates　of the PLA’s expanding military capabilities. China’s actions in certain areas increasingly appear　inconsistent with its declaratory policies. Actual Chinese defense expenditures remain far above offi cially　disclosed fi gures. This lack of transparency in China’s military affairs will naturally and understandably　prompt international responses that hedge against the unknown.

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Table of Contents
   
    Chapter One: Key Developments 1
    Chapter Two: Understanding China’s Strategy 6
    Chapter Four: Force Modernization Goals and Trends 15
    Chapter Five: Resources for Force Modernization 25
    Chapter Six: Force Modernization and Security in the Taiwan Strait 30
    Appendix: China and Taiwan Forces Data 36

[ 本帖最后由 牧童 于 2007-6-2 00:07 编辑 ]

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在2006年最大的年度新能源所签订的合约中,反映了日益关注的能源和资源的需求,包括同沙特阿拉伯和几个非洲国家的新的协定. 中国努力使得中国与非洲国家在2006年的合作达到高潮, 11月的首脑会议在北京由非洲53个国家中的40个国家的元首以及8个国家的代表出席.
   
    Refl ecting increasing concerns over energy and　resource needs, 2006 saw the largest annual　increase in new energy contracts signed by China,　including new agreements with Saudi Arabia　and several African countries. China’s effort to　court African nations in 2006 culminated with　a November summit in Beijing attended by 40　heads of state and delegates from 48 of the 53　African nations.
   
    2006年3月,中国正式开展的第11个五年计划( 2006-2010年),其中包括雄心勃勃的计划20 %降低能耗,每单位国内生产总值(国内生产总值) 2010年增加了一倍,中国国内生产总值到2010年比2000年番一番,整体国内生产总值4万亿美元,到2020年. 该计划强调和谐发展,加强在农村的投入,解决收入差距和社会动荡.
   
    In March 2006, China formally launched its 11th　Five Year Plan (2006-2010), which includes　ambitious calls for a 20 percent reduction in　energy consumption per unit of Gross Domestic　Product (GDP) by 2010, a doubling of China’s　2000 GDP by 2010, and an overall GDP of $4　trillion by 2020. The plan stresses coordinated　development, and greater investment and　urbanization in the rural interior, to address　income disparities and social unrest.
   
    官方的报告称, 在2006年完成"群众性事件"下降22 % . 不过,在这些事件中,主要是针对地方政策以及官员, 持续反映了民众对财产权利和强迫迁移,劳动权益,养老金腐败和警察的暴行的不满.
   
    Offi cial reports claim the number of “mass　incidents” declined 22 percent in 2006.　Nevertheless, these incidents, directed mainly　at local policies and offi cials, refl ect continued　popular dissatisfaction with offi cial behavior　related to property rights and forced relocations,　labor rights, pensions, pollution, corruption, and　police brutality.
   
    中国的区域发展与战略
   
    Developments Related to China’s Regional　Strategy
   
    中国对于朝鲜在7月日本海上空发射的弹道导弹,和10月的核试验,投票支持联合国安理会1695号和1718号的决议,继续努力使用外交手段, 具体来说,六方会谈是中国的解决朝鲜的核问题的计划. 会谈中,包括美国,日本,韩国,俄罗斯和朝鲜,以及中国等签署协议, 2007年2月初步执行2005年9月的联合声明,即朝鲜半岛无核化.
   
    China responded to North Korea’s ballistic missile launches over the Sea of Japan in July and nuclear test in October by voting in favor of UN Security Council Resolutions 1695 and 1718 and by continuing efforts to use diplomatic means, specifi cally the Six Party Talks, which China hosts, to address North Korea’s nuclear programs. The Talks, which involve the United States, Japan, South Korea, Russia, and North Korea, as well as China, produced agreement in February 2007 on initial steps to implement the September 2005 Joint Statement on denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula.
   
    日本新首相安倍晋三在11月的访问中国之行,有助于缓解东京与北京之间的紧张关系.然而,诸如在东海的领土纠纷,对尖阁/钓鱼台群岛的归属问题,中国努力阻止日本争夺一个联合国安理会常任理事国席位,是导致双方的摩擦根源.
   
    The visit of new Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe to China in November helped to ease somewhat tensions between Tokyo and Beijing. However, issues such as territorial disputes in the East China Sea, over the Senkaku/Diaoyutai islands, and China’s efforts to block Japan’s quest for a seat on the UN Security Council remain sources of friction.

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2006年10月,中国人民解放军海军的宋级柴油电力潜艇,在日本近海的小鹰号航母附近露出水面在. 这一事件表明,必须长期努力,提高美国和中国的军用飞机和海军在彼此靠得很近时的安全性. 2006年 这些努力产生了两个分期双边搜索及拯救演习 (一期在美国海岸,二期在中国沿海) .
   
    In October 2006, a People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Navy SONG-class diesel-electric submarine broached the surface in close proximity to the USS KITTY HAWK aircraft carrier in waters near Japan. This incident demonstrated the importance of long-standing U.S. efforts to improve the safety of U.S. and Chinese military air and maritime assets operating near each other. In 2006, these efforts produced a two phased bilateral search and rescue exercise with the PLA Navy (one phase off the U.S. coast, the second off the PRC coast).
   
    2006年,中国先后与上海合作组织( SCO )的成员国进行了两次反恐怖演习, 上海合作组织第五届周年纪念日将于六月在上海召开.
   
    In 2006, China conducted two counterterrorism exercises with Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) partners, and hosted the fi fth anniversary of the founding of the SCO in Shanghai in June.
   
    中国正在增加其在亚太经济合作组织( APEC ),东南亚国家联盟(东盟) 与东盟区域论坛( ARF )的作用 . 美国鼓励这种参与率的提高,并与中方共同主持了东盟关于防扩散问题. 在2006年10月东盟首脑会议上,中国总理温家宝建议扩大中国与东盟在安全和防务领域的合作.
   
    China is increasing its role in the Asia-Pacifi c Economic Cooperation (APEC) group, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), and the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF). The United States has encouraged this increased participation, and cooperated with China to co-chair an ARF seminar on nonproliferation. During the October 2006 ASEAN Summit, PRC Premier Wen Jiabao proposed expanded security and defense cooperation between China and ASEAN.
   
    2006年11月,中华人民共和国主席胡锦涛首先对印度进行访问,这是10年来中国国家元首对印度的首次访问, 充分表明了中国政府在保持与巴基斯坦的战略同时,改善与印度的关系.
   
    In November 2006, PRC President Hu Jintao made the fi rst visit to India by a PRC head of state in ten years, demonstrating the importance China places on improving ties with India while preserving its strategic relationship with Pakistan.
   
    中国的军事力量发展
   
    Developments in China’s Military Forces
   
    中国奉行的长期的,全面的改造它的军事力量,以提高其军事能力.符合台海有事时,短期集中精力攻取台湾, 中国在各军区部署的其最先进的系统,直接面对着台湾.
   
    China is pursuing long-term, comprehensive transformation of its military forces to improve its capabilities for power projection, anti-access, and area denial. Consistent with a near-term focus on preparing for offensive Taiwan Strait contingencies, China deploys its most advanced systems to the military regions directly opposite Taiwan.
   
    弹道和巡航导弹Ballistic and Cruise Missiles
   
    中国正在发展和试验进攻性导弹,形成额外的导弹部队,提升了某些导弹系统和开发方法的质量,以对付美国弹道导弹防御系统.
   
    到2006年10月,中国已台湾对面部署了大约900移动CSS-6和CSS-7短程弹道导弹, 并且以大约每年100枚的速度增加. 而且新型号的射程和精度都有提高.
   
    中国的现代化远程弹道导弹武力,加入了更多的本国系统. 采用固体燃料的陆基机动的东风-31型洲际远程弹道导弹在 2006年初步形成威慑能力, 并且可能或者已经具备实战能力. 射程更远的东风-31A ,预计在2007年达到初始作战能力. 中国正在制订一项新的潜射弹道导弹, 巨浪-2，预计于2007到2010间获得初始战斗能力. 这种导弹将会配备于同样也处于发展中的094型晋级战略导弹核潜艇上.

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中国正在探索使用弹道导弹和巡航导弹执行反介入任务，这其中包括反航母和战术攻击，而且中国一直在致力于侦察和通信系统的研制以获得更好的指挥、控制和瞄准能力。
   
    China is developing and testing offensive missiles, forming additional missile units, upgrading qualitatively certain missile systems, and developing methods to counter ballistic missile defenses.
   
    By October 2006, China had deployed roughly 900 mobile CSS-6 and CSS-7 short-range ballistic missiles to garrisons opposite Taiwan, expanding at a rate of more than 100 missiles per year. Newer versions of these missiles have improved range and accuracy.
   
    China is modernizing its longer-range ballistic missile force by adding more survivable systems. The road-mobile, solid-propellant DF-31 intercontinental-range ballistic missile (ICBM) achieved initial threat availability in 2006 and will likely achieve operational status in the near future, if it has not already done so. A longer range variant, the DF-31A, is expected to reach initial operational capability (IOC) in 2007. China is also working on a new submarine-launched ballistic missile, the JL-2 (IOC 2007-2010), for deployment on a new JIN-class (Type 094) nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine, also in development.
   
    China continues to explore the use of ballistic and cruise missiles for anti-access missions, including counter-carrier and land attack, and is working on reconnaissance and communication systems to improve command, control, and targeting.
   
    海军实力Naval Power.
   
    中国海军包括72艘主要军舰,大约58艘攻击潜艇,以及约50艘中型和重型两栖舰艇,大约41艘沿海导弹巡逻艇.
   
    中国在2006年年底获得了第二批两艘现代级2型导弹驱逐舰. 这些驱逐舰配备反舰巡航导弹(ASCMS),也使防空系统有了改善.现代级驱逐舰是早些时候中国从俄罗斯购进的.
   
    中国正在建设和试验的第二代核潜艇, 包括晋级(094型)核动力导弹潜艇以及商级 (093型)核动力攻击潜艇，其中后者于2005年开始试航.
   
    中国已接收两艘基洛级潜艇, 至此2002年中俄约定的关于8艘潜艇的交易已经全部完成. 中国拥有12艘基洛级潜艇, 它们当中最新的一些装备有超音速SS-N-27B 反舰导弹,以及线导和尾流自导鱼雷.
   
    解放军海军最新军舰, 是旅洲级(051C型)防空驱逐舰. 它配备为俄罗斯SA-N-20 SAM系统控制的TOMBSTONE相控阵雷达. SA-N-20能够使解放军海军防空体系得到显着的改善, 提高中国的舰载防空能力.
   
    旅洲级驱逐舰能够补充正在发展的旅洋级( 052B型)和旅洋2( 052c型)驱逐舰 . 旅洲级驱逐舰配备有俄罗斯SA-N-7B GRIZZLY SAM和YJ-83 ASCM. 旅洋2驱逐舰则在同一防空系统的基础上,配备国产的HHQ-9 SAM.
   
    2006年,中国开始下水第一艘导弹护卫舰(FFG),江凯2( 054A型) . 江凯2将装有正在发展的HHQ-16中程垂直发射防空导弹.
   
    在2006年珠海航展上,中国军方和文职官员宣称中国有兴趣兴建一艘航空母舰.
   
    China’s naval forces include 72 principal combatants, some 58 attack submarines, about 50 medium and heavy amphibious lift vessels, and approximately 41 coastal missile patrol craft.
   
    China received the second of two Russianmade SOVREMENNYY II guided missile destroyers (DDG) in late 2006. These DDGs are fi tted with anti-ship cruise missiles (ASCMs) and wide-area air defense systems that feature qualitative improvements over the earlier SOVREMENNYY-class DDGs China purchased from Russia.

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China is building and testing second-generation nuclear submarines with the JIN-class (Type 094) nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine and the SHANG-class (Type 093) nuclear-powered attack submarine, which began sea trials in 2005.
   
    China took delivery of two KILO-class submarines from Russia, completing a contract for eight signed in 2002. China operates twelve KILOs, the newest of which are equipped with the supersonic SS-N-27B ASCM, and wireguided and wake-homing torpedoes.
   
   
    The PLA Navy’s newest ship, the LUZHOUclass (Type 051C) DDG is designed for anti-air warfare. It will be equipped with the Russian SA-N-20 SAM system controlled by the TOMBSTONE phased-array radar. The SA-N- 20 more than doubles the range of current PLA Navy air defense systems marking a signifi cant improvement in China’s ship-borne air defense capability.
   
    The LUZHOU-class DDG complements ongoing developments of the LUYANG I (Type 052B) and LUYANG II (Type 052C) DDGs. The LUYANG I is fi tted with the Russian SA-N-7B GRIZZLY SAM and the YJ-83 ASCM. The LUYANG II is fi tted with an air defense system based on the indigenous HHQ-9 SAM.
   
    In 2006, China began producing its fi rst guidedmissile frigate (FFG), the JIANGKAI II (Type 054A). The JIANGKAI II will be fi tted with the medium range HHQ-16, a vertically launched naval surface-to-air missile currently in development.
   
    At the 2006 Zhuhai Air Show, PRC military and civilian offi cials asserted China’s interest in building an aircraft carrier.
   
    空中力量Air Power
   
    中国目前已有超过700多架战斗机能够正常飞行,台湾及其机场的容量将远远扩大这一数字. 解放军正在升级许多旧型号的飞机(例如,升级B-6轰炸机的引擎,以提高作战范围) ; 然而,新的飞机构成了越来越大的百分比清单.
   
    中国人民解放军空军正在部署歼10多用途战斗机. 歼10是中国的第四代战斗机,将是中国在未来的数十年内的第一战斗机.
   
    中国目前正在俄罗斯的合作生产协议下,生产苏27SMK/FLANKER(F-11A)多用途战斗机. 中国正在生产越来越多的Su-30MKK/FLANKER多用途战斗机及其变种的海军苏-30MK2.
   
    中国的战斗机正装备有一批日益精密的空对空和空对地武器,卫星和激光制导的精确弹药和巡航导弹.
   
    我国第一部自行研制的攻击直升机,直- 10正在试飞. 直- 10将配备红箭8E反坦克导弹,其作战能力相当于欧洲的虎式,但在美国的AH-64阿帕奇直升机之下.
   
    改善FB-7战斗机的计划将使这型旧飞机能够执行夜间海上攻击行动,并使用改良武器,例如Kh-31P(AS-17)反辐射导弹和KAB-500激光制导导弹.
   
    China has more than 700 combat aircraft based within an un-refueled operational range of Taiwan and the airfi eld capacity to expand that number signifi cantly. Many aircraft in the PLA force structure are upgrades of older models (e.g., re-engined B-6 bombers for extended ranges); however, newer aircraft make up a growing percentage of the inventory.
   
    The PLA Air Force (PLAAF) is deploying the F-10 multi-role fi ghter to operational units. The F-10, a fourth generation aircraft, will be China’s premier fi ghter in the coming decades.
   
    China is now producing the multi-role Su- 27SMK/FLANKER (F-11A) fi ghter under a licensed co-production agreement with Russia following an initial production run of Su-27SKs (F-11). China is employing increasing numbers of the multi-role Su-30MKK/FLANKER fi ghterbomber and its naval variant, the Su-30MK2.

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Chinese aircraft are armed with an increasingly sophisticated array of air-to-air and air-to-surface weapons, satellite and laser-guided precision munitions, and cruise missiles.
   
    China’s fi rst indigenously produced attack helicopter, the Z-10, is undergoing fl ight testing. The Z-10 will fi re the Red Arrow 8E anti-tank guided missile, offering combat performance equal to the Eurocopter Tiger, but below that of the AH-64 Apache.
   
    Improvements to the FB-7 fi ghter program will enable this older aircraft to perform nighttime maritime strike operations and use improved weapons such as the Kh-31P (AS-17) antiradiation missile and KAB-500 laser-guided munitions.
   
    防空Air Defense.
   
    在未来几年,中国将接收其俄制S- 300PMU-2型防空导弹系统. 有效射程达200公里, S- 300PMU-2提供了增加杀伤力的反战术弹道导弹及更有效的电子对抗. 中国也正在发展国产HQ-9防空导弹系统,以相控阵雷达为基础,射程为150公里. 如上所述, 海军HHQ-9将部署于旅洋2型驱逐舰,垂直发射的SAM (HHQ-16)将部署于江凯2型护卫舰 .
   
    In the next few years, China will receive its fi rst battalion of Russian-made S- 300PMU-2 surface-to-air missile systems. With an advertised intercept range of 200 km, the S- 300PMU-2 provides increased lethality against tactical ballistic missiles and more effective electronic countermeasures. China also is developing the indigenous HQ-9 air defense missile system, a phased array radar-based SAM with a 150 km range. As noted above, a naval variant (HHQ-9) will deploy on the LUYANG II DDG and a vertical launch naval SAM (HHQ-16) will deploy on the JIANGKAI II FFG.
   
    地面部队Ground Forces
   
    中国有大约140万人的陆军部队,其中约有40万人部署在台湾对面的三个军区. 中国一直在升级这些部队的坦克,装甲运兵车,以及更多的火炮. 2006年4月,中国第一次装备了新的第三代主战坦克, ZTZ-99,将装备在北京军区和沈阳军区.
   
    China has about 1.4 million ground forces personnel with approximately 400,000 deployed to the three military regions opposite Taiwan. China has been upgrading these units with tanks, armored personnel carriers, and additional artillery pieces. In April 2006, China made its fi rst delivery of the new third generation main battle tank, the ZTZ-99, to units in the Beijing and Shenyang military regions.
   
    两栖力量Amphibious Forces
   
    解放军装备了新的两栖攻击车(AAV) ,并将升级现有的车辆,包括两栖坦克和突击车辆. 其新型水陆两栖车有更稳定的性能. 同时增加两栖训练,包括一年中的多种演习训练,这是一支正在建设中的两栖力量.
   
    The PLA has deployed a new amphibious assault vehicle (AAV) and developed a range of modifi cations for existing vehicles including fl otation tanks and mounted outboard engines. Its newer amphibious vehicles have greater stability and performance in open water. Increased amphibious training, including multiple training evolutions in a single year, is building profi ciency among China’s amphibious forces.
   
    中国军事学说的发展
   
    Developments in Chinese Military Doctrine
   
    中国将继续把重点放在"信息化"的条件,提高综合性的联合行动, 联勤和远程机动能力.
   
    2006年6月 解放军推出了新的指导,在演习中使用模拟器和假想敌,以提高实战训练能力.
   
    2006年12月,中国人民解放军第二炮兵,海军,空军和陆军的军事学院的领导,签订了合作办学协议,为联合专业军事教育铺平了道路.

monica

感谢楼主给我们带来的军事大餐.!3: