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发表于 2007-5-9 22:56:52
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2 逆译法:(Reversing)
有时候英语长句的叙述层次与汉语相反,这时就须从英语原文的后面译起,自上而下,逆着英语原文的顺序翻译。
1 (1) There is an equilibrium between the liquid and its vapor, (2) as many molecules being lost from the surface of the liquid and (3) then existing as vapor, (4) as reenter the liquid in a given time.
这个句子是由一个主句(1),定语从句(4)以及两个分次独立结构组成,这个句子分为四层意思(1)液体和固体之间处于平衡状态,是主句,是全句的中心所在;(2)许多分子从液体表面逸出,成为蒸汽;(3)又有同样多的分子重新进入液体;(4)在一定时间内。
根据汉语表达习惯,“因”在前面,“果”在后,可逆原文翻译。
译文:在一定时间内,许多分子从液体表面逸出,成为蒸汽。又有同样多的分子从新进入液体,因次,在液体和蒸汽之间处于平衡。
2 (1) Rocket research has confirmed a strange fact (2) which had already been suspected, (3) there is a “high-temperature belt” in the atmosphere, with its center roughly miles above the ground
分析:(1)是主句,(2)是定语从句,(3)是同位语从句做fact 的同位语。按照汉语表达习惯,用逆译发翻译,更显得自然,流畅。
译文:大气中有一个“高温带”,其中心在距地面约30英里高的地方。对此人们早就怀疑,利用火箭加以研究,这一奇异的事实已得到证明。
3 On account of the fact that there is always a resistance due to friction whenever one part of a machine moves over another , some work must be done in moving the parts of the machine itself.
根据汉语表达习惯,这句话同样用逆译法翻译比较贴切。
译文:机器的某个部件在另一个部件上面移动,总会有摩擦而产生阻力,由于这种情况,机器本身的部件运动时就要做一些功。
3 分译法:(Divisoion)
有时英语长句中主句与从句或主句与修饰语间的关系不十分密切,翻译时可按照汉语多用短句的习惯,把长句中的从句或短语化为句子,分开来叙述,将原句化整为零。为使译文通顺连贯,也可以适当加几个连接词。例如:
1 The Josephson junction is a thin insulator separating two superconducing
materials,i.e., metals that lose all electrical resistance at temperature near zero.
译文:约瑟生接点就是分开两种超导体材料的薄绝缘体,超导材料是在接近绝对零度时会失去电阻的金属。
2 It is very important that a machine element be made of a material that has properties suitable for the condition of service as it is for the loads and stresses to accurately determined.
译文:载荷和应力必须准确的计算出来,机器零件要用性能符合工作条件的材料来制造。这两件事都是非常重要的。
4 综合法(Recasting)
对那些用某种翻译技巧无法译出时,着眼于篇章,以逻辑分析为基础,有顺有序,有主有次对全句进行综合处理。
1.Many man-made substances are replacing certain natural materials because either the quantity of the natural product can not meet our ever-increasing requirement, or, more often, because the physical property of the synthetic substance, which is the common name for man-made materials, has been chosen, and ever emphssized , so that it would be of the greatest use in the fields in which it is to be applied.
这个句子是由一个主句(1)either or 连接的两个并列的 because 状语从句,一个由 so that 引导的状语从句和which 引导的非限制性定语从句及 in which 引导的定语从句所组成。
译文:人造材料统称为合成材料,许多人造材料正在替代某些天然材料,这或者是由于天然产品的数量不能满足日益增长的需要,或者往往是人们选择了合成材料的一些物理性质并加以突出而造成的。因此合成材料在应用的领域中将具有极大的用途。
2 The issue of the New York Times which hailed the Second International as the authority it which it would adhere and the Third International as a scandal and a betrayal which it would reject used one hundred and fifty-three separate words, phrases, and construction which are listed in the Third International but not in the Second and Third International but not in the Second and nineteen others which are condemned in the Second.
分析:这个句子实际上是由四个并列复句所组成,它的中心词就是“New York Times”,中心意思是对the New York Times 形式评论,全句包括六个定语从句,比较复杂。按汉语表达习惯,为使全文通顺、确切,对每个定语从句要分别作为独立句子加以翻译,即采取综合法翻译。
译文:有一期《纽约时报》。一面高呼《韦氏(第二版)》是权威性工作,它坚决照办,一面大叫《韦氏(第三版)》是耻辱和背叛,要弃之如敝履。可是,就在该期报纸上有153个单独的词,词组和句法结构,是第二版中没有的,但是,在《韦氏(第三版)》中均有记载,还有19种用法是在《韦氏(第二版)》里受谴责的。
[ 本帖最后由 monica 于 2007-5-9 23:02 编辑 ] |
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