三丁酸甘油酯可以改善宫内发育迟缓仔猪脏器发育

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子宫内发育迟缓（IUGR）通常指围产期的动物因受各种因素的影响，导致胎儿或其器官生长发育受阻，降低仔猪出生时的质量和成活率，甚至会影响仔猪生长后期的发育（Longo 等，2014）。猪IUGR的发生率高达20%，给生猪生产带来了巨大的损失（Wu等，2004）。

Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) usually refers to the retarded growth and development of the fetus or its inner organs during the perinatal period due to various factors, which not only reduces the birth quality and survival rate of piglets, but also negatively affected their growth and development after birth (Longo et al., 2014). The incidence of IUGR in pigs is as high as 20%, which causes a huge loss to the pig production (Wu et al., 2004).

Li等（2015）、何等（2016）系统研究了三丁酸甘油酯营养干预对IUGR仔猪的应用效果。试验分为三个处理：正常组（NBW组）为正常仔猪饲喂基础人工乳，IUGR组为IUGR仔猪饲喂基础人工乳，三丁酸甘油酯组（IT组）为IUGR仔猪饲喂基础人工乳+0.1%三丁酸甘油酯。研究结果如下：

Li et al. (2015) and He et al. (2016) conducted several studies regarding the dietary tributyrinintervention on the IUGR piglets. Three treatments were included in the studies, including the normal group (NBW group, normal piglets + basic artificial milk) , the IUGR group (IUGR piglets + basic artificial milk), and the tributyrin-fed group (IT group IUGR piglets + basic artificial milk + 0.1% tributyrin). The results are as followed:

1、促进胰脏和肝脏发育

Improves the pancreas and liver development

研究发现，IUGR 组乳猪的胰腺和肝脏的重量显著低于正常组；对IUGR仔猪采用三丁酸甘油酯（TB）营养干预后，胰腺重量较IUGR组提高了31.03% (P<0.05)，肝脏重量较IUGR组提高了52.32% (P<0.05)，与正常组相比均无显著差异。IUGR组仔猪的肝脏组织中央静脉和门管区充血较严重，采用三丁酸甘油酯（TB）营养干预后，则无上述变化。

Their results indicated that the weights of pancreas and liver in the IUGR pigs were obviously lower than that in the normal ones (P<0.05), while dietary tributyrin intervention on the IUGR pigs increased the weights of these organs by 31.03% and 52.32% when compared with those in the IUGR pigs consuming normal feed, respectively. The central vein and portal area of liver in the IUGR pigs were seriously congested, while no such pathologic changes were observed in response to dietary tributyrin intervention.

2、改善肠绒毛形态

Improves the intestinal villi morphology

3、缓解肝脏充血症状

Ameliorates the liver congestion  

4、提高胰腺酶活力

Improves the pancreatic enzyme activity

IUGR组仔猪的胰蛋白酶、胰脂肪酶和胰淀粉酶的活性均显著低于正常组，对IUGR仔猪采用三丁酸甘油酯营养干预后，胰蛋白酶、胰脂肪酶和胰淀粉酶的活性分别提高了36.92%，52.30%和141.37%。

The activity of trypsin, pancreatic lipase and amylase in the IUGR piglets were obviously lower than those in the normal pigs (P < 0.05), while activity of these three enzyme in the IUGR pigs with dietary tributyrin intervention were increased by 36.92%, 52.30% and 141.37%, respectively.

5、降低肝脏炎性反应

Reduces the inflammation response

IUGR仔猪的肝脏中肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）与白细胞介素4（IL-4）的水平高于正常组 （P < 0.05），对IUGR仔猪采用三丁酸甘油酯营养干预后，肝脏中TNF-α和IL-4的含量分别降低了35.20%和20.52%。

The liver contents of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) were significantly higher in the IUGR piglets than those in the normal ones, while these in the IUGR pigs with dietary tributyrin intervention were reduced by 35.20% and 20.52%, respectively.

6、提高抗氧化能力

Improves the antioxidant capacity  

SOD和GSH是体内重要的抗氧化剂和自由基清除剂，GSH-Px是机体一种重要的过氧化物分解酶，MDA是体内脂质过氧化产物之一。对IUGR仔猪采用三丁酸甘油酯营养干预后， 体内SOD、GSH和GSH-Px的活性明显提高（P < 0.05），MDA含量显著降低；相关指标均优于正常的仔猪。

The SOD and GSH are important antioxidants and free radical scavengers of the body, while GSH-Px is an important organic peroxide decomposition enzyme, and MDA is one the end products of lipid peroxidation. Dietary tributyrin intervention increased the activities of SOD, GSH and GSH-Px, and reduced the MDA content in the IUGR piglets, respectively.

7、提高肝脏线粒体功能
Ameliorates  the mitochondria function of the liver   

线粒体是营养物质进行氧化代谢并产生ATP的部位，也是活性氧自由基产生的主要场所，线粒体在肝脏组织中的含量极高。SDH是三羧酸循环中唯一嵌入线粒体内膜的酶，为线粒体的一种标志酶。MDH是一种重要的氧化还原酶，Mn-SOD主要存在于线粒体基质中，作为抗氧化剂在机体防御疾病的过程中起着重要的作用。试验表明，三丁酸甘油酯可显著提高IUGR仔猪肝脏SDH、MDH及Mn-SOD的活性。

Mitochondria is the part where nutrients are oxidized and metabolized to produce ATP, and it is the main place where oxygen free radicals are produced as well. Mitochondria content is extremely high in the liver tissues. SDH is the only enzyme embedded in the inner membrane of mitochondrial in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. MDH is an important oxidoretase, and Mn-SOD mainly exists in the mitochondrial matrix. As an antioxidant, Mn-SOD plays an important role for diseases prevention inside the body. The results showed that dietary tributyrin intervention increased the activity of SDH, MDH and Mn-SOD in liver of  the IUGR piglets (P < 0.05).

（1）三丁酸甘油酯提高了IUGR仔猪胰腺、肝脏的重量；

Dietary tributyrin intervention increases the weight of pancreas and liver of IUGR piglets;

（2）三丁酸甘油酯改善了IUGR仔猪肠道的形态结构；

Dietary tributyrin intervention improves the intestinal morphology of IUGR piglets;

（3）三丁酸甘油酯缓解了IUGR仔猪的肝脏充血；

Dietary tributyrin intervention relieves liver congestion in IUGR piglets;

（4）三丁酸甘油酯提高了IUGR仔猪胰酶的活性；

Dietary tributyrin intervention enhances the activity of various pancreatic enzyme in IUGR piglets;

（5）三丁酸甘油酯降低了IUGR仔猪的炎性反应；

Dietary tributyrin intervention reduces inflammation responses in IUGR piglets;

（6）三丁酸甘油酯提高了IUGR仔猪的抗氧化能力；

Dietary tributyrin intervention improves the antioxidant capacity of IUGR piglets;

（7）三丁酸甘油酯提高了IUGR仔猪肝脏线粒体的功能。

Dietary tributyrin intervention improves the mitochondrial function of liver of IUGR piglet.

编辑人：杨玲
来源：浩华生物